John Hale In The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2520 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? How is it possible for one to be so benevolent, yet still stimulate so much controversy and even death? In Arthur Millerrs The Crucible, we see Reverend Halers naivety, altruism, and sincere nature that leads him to have too much faith in humanity and cause many issues throughout the play. At the beginning of The Crucible, we can see Reverend Halers altruistic nature, and his desire to help people, a hidden characteristic because of the manipulation he falls for and the aggressive interrogations he does at the beginning of the play. His eagerness to solve problems can sometimes have consequences. Hale is first summoned to Salem by Reverend Parris, so he can examine his daughter, Betty, to determine if she has been afflicted. Before Hale examines Betty, he wants to be sure that Parris is willing to listen to his advice. He tells Parris, We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her (Miller 12). Hale is taking his job seriously and wants to make sure that everyone else is as well. He is not just doing this for money or selfish reasons, but rather uses his skills to help people. After Hale arrives, Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft to clear her name, and as a result, Tituba receives an interrogation from Hale to find out if she is telling the truth and to help Tituba if she is. He tells her to, Take courage, you must give us all their names. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John Hale In The Crucible" essay for you Create order How can you bear to see these children suffering? Look at them, Tituba-look at their God-given innocence; their souls are so tender; we must protect them, Tituba; the devil is out and preying on them like a beast upon the flesh of the pure lambGod will bless you for your help (17) Hale wants to help the innocent children he thinks have been afflicted, and by recognizing their innocence when talking to Abigail, it is his attempt to trying to help them. Later on, Hale goes to the Proctors home to question them himself before they appear in court, so he does not jump to conclusions about their innocence. When he concludes that they are innocent, he tries to help them. He says, God keeps you both; let the third child be quickly baptized, and go you without fail each Sunday into Sabbath prayer; and keep a solemn, quiet way among you (30). Hale tells the Proctors to try to appear more Christian so no one will question them and their faith. Compared to other characters such as Reverend Parr is and Abigail , Hale is not in it to help himself, and he is genuinely trying to help people. Reverend Hale arrives in Salem in response to Reverend Parrisrs cry for help and although some of the accusations he made may have ended up hurting people, he dedicates his life to his faith and helping people. In the middle and end of the play, we can see Reverend Halers naivety toward the court which later leads to internal conflict and severe consequences. Before Hale jumps to any conclusions, he goes to visit the Proctors to see for himself if he thinks they are innocent. He tells them, I am a stranger here, as you know. And in my ignorance, I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused before the court (31). Hale is acknowledging the fact that his judgment may be clouded due to the bias of the people whom he is getting information from; therefore, he must make his own decisions. Hale is speaking to Proctor when Elizabeth is being taken away under the charge of witchcraft. Hale pleads, Charity, Proctor, Charity†what I have heard in her favor I will not fear to testify in court. God help me, I cannot judge her guilty nor innocent I know not. Only this consider the world goes mad, and it profits nothing you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little girl (2 6). Hale believes that Goody Proctor will be released, but realizes he is wrong and the trust he has within the court fades. Francis Nurse is concerned about the future of his wife after she is charged with witchcraft, and Hale tells him the court make the right decision. He tells Nurse, Believe me, Mr. Nurse, if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothings left to stop the whole green world from burning. Let you rest upon the justice of the court; the court will send her home, I know it (31). When Hale says this, it proves that he fully trusts the court. He thinks they will release the innocent and punish the guilty. Coming into Salem, Hale has full trust in the justice system and that they will do their job, however, as the trial progresses, he begins to realize that the court can have alternative motives. By looking at Reverend Hale at the end of Tthe Crucible, we can see the sincere guilt he has for the innocent people dying. The longer Hale is in Salem, the more aware he becomes of the corruption within the court. Hale is in the vestry room of the Meeting House where an examination is going on when Abigail pretends that Mary Warren, the Proctorrs maid, is sending sends a freezing wind through the courtroom and is sending her spirit out in the shape of a bird to hurt her. The judge believes Abigail and arrests Proctor and Corey. Hale is outraged by her obvious lies and even goes as far as to quit histhe job. He exclaims, I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court! (57). Hale devotes his life to his job and to quit and announce witchcraft as fraud proves he is a sincere and honest man. This is ironic because many of the other characters in the play do things solely to helping themselves, while Hale is just looking out for other people. After Hale has been gone for some time, he r eturns to Salem to try to fix what he feels as though it is his fault. He tells Danforth, Why, it is all simple. I come to do the Devil?s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head! (62). Hale feels responsible for the executions because as they expect in the situation, he feels culpable for the situation. After Proctor is arrested and sentenced to a hanging because of being found guilty, Hale tries to convince Goody Proctor to persuade John to confess, so he does not die. He tells Goody Proctor, I would save your husband?s life, for if he is taken I count myself his murderer. Do you understand me? (63). Hale wants so desperately for Proctor to confess because he blames himself and does not want another death on his hands. Hale believes too much in the honesty of the court and leads him to be guilty. After studying Reverend John Hale in depth, one can come to the conclusion that although he may have caused a few problems throughout the play, he still always had goodwill. Hale truly believed he was doing the right thing, but is easily manipulated. This is prevalent in our society, when one has too much faith in people, allowing them to be easily taken advantage of.How is it possible for one to be so benevolent, yet still stimulate so much controversy and even death? In Arthur Millerrs The Crucible, we see Reverend Halers naivety, altruism, and sincere nature that leads him to have too much faith in humanity and cause many issues throughout the play. At the beginning of The Crucible, we can see Reverend Halers altruistic nature, and his desire to help people, a hidden characteristic because of the manipulation he falls for and the aggressive interrogations he does at the beginning of the play. His eagerness to solve problems can sometimes have consequences. Hale is first summoned to Salem by Reverend Parris, so he can examine his daughter, Betty, to determine if she has been afflicted. Before Hale examines Betty, he wants to be sure that Parris is willing to listen to his advice. He tells Parris, We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her (Miller 12). Hale is taking his job seriously and wants to make sure that everyone else is as well. He is not just doing this for money or selfish reasons, but rather uses his skills to help people. After Hale arrives, Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft to clear her name, and as a result, Tituba receives an interrogation from Hale to find out if she is telling the truth and to help Tituba if she is. He tells her to, Take courage, you must give us all their names. How can you bear to see these children suffering? Look at them, Tituba-look at their God-given innocence; their souls are so tender; we must protect them, Tituba; the devil is out and preying on them like a beast upon the flesh of the pure lambGod will bless you for your help (17) Hale wants to help the innocent children he thinks have been afflicted, and by recognizing their innocence when talking to Abigail, it is his attempt to trying to help them. Later on, Hale goes to the Proctors home to question them himself before they appear in court, so he does not jump to conclusions about their innocence. When he concludes that they are innocent, he tries to help them. He says, God keeps you both; let the third child be quickly baptized, and go you without fail each Sunday into Sabbath prayer; and keep a solemn, quiet way among you (30). Hale tells the Proctors to try to appear more Christian so no one will question them and their faith. Compared to other characters such as Reverend Parr is and Abigail , Hale is not in it to help himself, and he is genuinely trying to help people. Reverend Hale arrives in Salem in response to Reverend Parrisrs cry for help and although some of the accusations he made may have ended up hurting people, he dedicates his life to his faith and helping people. In the middle and end of the play, we can see Reverend Halers naivety toward the court which later leads to internal conflict and severe consequences. Before Hale jumps to any conclusions, he goes to visit the Proctors to see for himself if he thinks they are innocent. He tells them, I am a stranger here, as you know. And in my ignorance, I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused before the court (31). Hale is acknowledging the fact that his judgment may be clouded due to the bias of the people whom he is getting information from; therefore, he must make his own decisions. Hale is speaking to Proctor when Elizabeth is being taken away under the charge of witchcraft. Hale pleads, Charity, Proctor, Charity†what I have heard in her favor I will not fear to testify in court. God help me, I cannot judge her guilty nor innocent I know not. Only this consider†the world goes mad, and it profits nothing you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little g irl (26). Hale believes that Goody Proctor will be released, but realizes he is wrong and the trust he has within the court fades. Francis Nurse is concerned about the future of his wife after she is charged with witchcraft, and Hale tells him the court make the right decision. He tells Nurse, Believe me, Mr. Nurse, if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothings left to stop the whole green world from burning. Let you rest upon the justice of the court; the court will send her home, I know it (31). When Hale says this, it proves that he fully trusts the court. He thinks they will release the innocent and punish the guilty. Coming into Salem, Hale has full trust in the justice system and that they will do their job, however, as the trial progresses, he begins to realize that the court can have alternative motives. By looking at Reverend Hale at the end of Tthe Crucible, we can see the sincere guilt he has for the innocent people dying. The longer Hale is in Salem, the more aware he becomes of the corruption within the court. Hale is in the vestry room of the Meeting House where an examination is going on when Abigail pretends that Mary Warren, the Proctorrs maid, is sending sends a freezing wind through the courtroom and is sending her spirit out in the shape of a bird to hurt her. The judge believes Abigail and arrests Proctor and Corey. Hale is outraged by her obvious lies and even goes as far as to quit histhe job. He exclaims, I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court! (57). Hale devotes his life to his job and to quit and announce witchcraft as fraud proves he is a sincere and honest man. This is ironic because many of the other characters in the play do things solely to helping themselves, while Hale is just looking out for other people. After Hale has been gone for some time, he r eturns to Salem to try to fix what he feels as though it is his fault. He tells Danforth, Why, it is all simple. I come to do the Devil?s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head! (62). Hale feels responsible for the executions because as they expect in the situation, he feels culpable for the situation. After Proctor is arrested and sentenced to a hanging because of being found guilty, Hale tries to convince Goody Proctor to persuade John to confess, so he does not die. He tells Goody Proctor, I would save your husband?s life, for if he is taken I count myself his murderer. Do you understand me? (63). Hale wants so desperately for Proctor to confess because he blames himself and does not want another death on his hands. Hale believes too much in the honesty of the court and leads him to be guilty. After studying Reverend John Hale in depth, one can come to the conclusion that although he may have caused a few problems throughout the play, he still always had goodwill. Hale truly believed he was doing the right thing, but is easily manipulated. This is prevalent in our society, when one has too much faith in people, allowing them to be easily taken advantage of.

American Dream Definition Essay - 1630 Words

The words â€Å"American Dream† elicit many different thoughts in people. Rarely will you find a group who will agree on the true definition of the American Dream. It is subjective and therefore hard to solidify in a unified definition. Most people believe the concept of the American Dream was originally, coined during the Great Depression when James Truslow Adams stated the American Dream â€Å"is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability and achievement, regardless of class or circumstances of birth† (1931). From that many have based their definition to entail that if a person works hard they will achieve their own American Dream. But, to the surprise†¦show more content†¦Then due to heavy government military spending the United States emerged from World War II wealthier and stronger than ever and the economy had been revived. Many veterans returning from the wa r took advantage of this and used their GI Bill to obtain mortgages for homes. This ignited another building boom and the creation of suburbs across America. They were also eager to purchase luxury items such as cars and television sets they had been denied during the war. Americans soon correlated the American Dream to the acquisition of material things and they watched the â€Å"idyllic† life be televised on shows like Leave it to Beaver and Father Knows Best (Gale, 2016). Many of these purchases were made with credit cards and as Americans realized their American Dream could be purchased on credit, saving was no longer a priority. This new found ideology of acquiring goods took a huge toll starting in 2008 – 2009 with the Great Recession. During this time 8.4 million jobs were lost in the United States labor market impacting those in the working class the hardest. Most of the people who lost their jobs only had a high school education or less and recent surve ys indicated that many of the people who lost their jobs still cannot find new jobs (Economic Policy Institute, 2016). This slow recovery has caused many to rethink the idea of the American Dream being about theirShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : The Definition Of The American Dream980 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica the beautiful! The land of the free and of equal opportunity. The home of the American dream. This expression to most people has a peculiar meaning. Most people would define the American Dream as the upbringing of success, the ability to control destiny, and to enjoy freedom due to the American social, economic, and political system. According to the Oxford English Dictionary Online, the American Dream means the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve successRead MoreInstructional Goals For Students With Writing Assignments1230 Words   |  5 Pagesideas from a text into one coherent essay (CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.11-12.4). These three goals , which align with the Common Core State Standards, are challenging but attainable for Student A. To help Student A craft a strong claim statement, I provided her with several examples of claim statements for The Great Gatsby American Dream Essay. We discussed what makes these examples strong and identified the elements that make up an effective claim statement. The essay was broken into five steps: create aRead MoreOrganizing and Drafting Your Definition Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizing and Drafting Your Definition Essay To draft your definition essay, use the organizer below. To complete the organizer, use the criteria, examples, and non-examples from your previous assignments. Be sure to write in complete sentences and provide details. FIRST PARAGRAPH: INTRODUCTION Introduce the concept of the American Dream. Explain why it’s important to define the concept and why it is difficult in some cases to define the concept. success isnt something you chase. Its somethingRead MoreEssay On The American Dream1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream: Is it Only a Dream? From the moment colonists stepped foot on American soil, freedom flowed through their skin. The new country would bring endless opprotunities to anyone who wished to pursue their dreams. Through years of effort, the United States was born and along with it a sense of equality and meaning. Today, America has much to stand for. Although times were rough along the way, the American dream is one of being free and having a voice. America has proven itself to beRead MoreDefinition of Success1195 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess has seemingly become more complex. Is the American dream still valid? I would say yes, considering that we are currently in a recession. The term â€Å"American Dream† is used in a number of ways, but really the American Dream is an idea that suggests that all people can succeed through hard work, and that all people have the potential to live happy, successful lives. Many people have expanded or refined the definition of the American Dream. This concept has also been subject to a fair amountRead MoreThe American Dream By The Declaration Of Independence886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream Introduction The American dream is the hope in freedom which enables all citizens to achieve their goals through hard work. The American dream is a belief of equality and prosperity in America. The American dream is a set of ideals that allows society to have high standards of living through hard work of citizens. The country has no barriers and every member who works hard has an equal opportunity. The hope of having a sense of social equality is the American dream (Stalp). ItRead More What Is An American Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is an American. This country is full of individuals of many backgrounds, and diversities and each person has a different opinion on this question. In my opinion, an American is someone who values freedom and equality and pursues the American dream. Every American exercises these rights and these are great adjectives to describe our country. Each of the seven readings, and the one image I compiled help mold this broader definition into a more precise descripti on of an American. Robert CreeleyRead MoreSummary Of The American Dream 1682 Words   |  7 Pages01-25 4 December 2016 The American Dream The American Dream has historically been defined as upward social mobility through hard work and determination regardless of circumstances at birth. However, it seems that this dream has died. Those in the lower and middle class find themselves working multiple jobs just to survive. They live paycheck to paycheck and are unable to save money to allow them to buy a house and escape from their economic perils. I believe the American dream is dead because peopleRead MoreAmerican Dreams : The American Dream1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream The American Dream is indefinable. There is no one set of words or characteristics that the entire population assigns directly to its definition. With the American population consisting of people of various races, ethnicities, ages, classes, and genders, it seems trivial to even attempt to attribute a single definition to the concept of the American Dream. It is this inability however, to be confined within one single meaning, that allows for the American Dream to govern theRead MoreThe American Dream Through Literature1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof the American Dream. That is, that any person regardless of circumstances of birth can become successful through hard work and persistence, regardless of where they came from. Despite many arguments on whether that’s achievable or not, it continues to be a persistent topic in American culture. As such, the American Dream can be seen though literature, which often is a lens into life during the time of its writing. It would make sens e, then, to chronicle the appearance of the American Dream through

Policing and Police Powers-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Can infringements of an individuals Human Rights ever be justified in the fight against crime, particularly terrorism? Critically discuss with reference to police powers. Answer: Introduction Human rights, a term which is used in a very common manner, so much so, that it has lost its sheen and the impact with which it should be weighted. In literal sense, human rights are the rights which every human being should be provided in the very basic sense, and included in this is the right to not be harassed, tortured and be given fair chances of living with their own freedom; basically covering the right to live and the right to freedom in doing a number of things, including practising religion (Davis, 2016). However, in the midst of the global turmoil, where terrorism is growing rampant and is causing a threat to the human rights of thousands across borders, initiatives have to be taken to safeguard the human rights and put stop to such terrorist activities, especially by the police force. Ironically, this often includes putting down the very human rights, which are supposed to be protected by the police, when dealing with the threat of terrorism, and in their fight against cr ime, they infringe upon these very human rights of the individuals (Foster, 2016). This discussion is focused upon these infringements and would also attempt to justify such actions. Critical Analysis The incidents like September 11, the home-grown terrorist attacks in London, and the recent terrorist activities in Paris are just few examples of the increasing terrorist activities in the leading parts of the world, where terrorist activities were none till a few years back. Such incidents result in the right of a person to live in a safe manner being infringed. This requires steps to be taken by the law enforcement agencies towards national security and in doing so there is a need to strike the right balance between the human rights and national security (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2006). Terrorism is politically and ideologically motivates assaults over the democratic freedoms and rights, which are given to the individuals and which are held dearly by everyone. An important strategy in this regard, for the purpose of countering the extremism through which the terrorism is bred, for winning the contest of ideas, is by defending the fundamental freedoms and human rights in a rigorous manner, which form the foundation of democracy and dignity and makes the societies worth protecting (Combs, 2017). It is important to stop the activities of terrorists before they begin at the smaller levels, for which the law enforcement officials, particularly the police have been given different powers. They can use these powers in cases which they deem fit, for protecting the general public, in terms of their live and dignity (Freeman, 2017). As on March 31st, 2016, there were 255 terrorism related arrests in UK, where 37 of these arrests led to prosecutions, as per the statistics provided by Home Office. In 2015, 128 extremist prisoners and terrorists were released from custody. The Terrorism Act 2000, under section 43 provides that the police can stop and search any person in case they have reasonable suspicion regarding the involvement of such individual in terrorist activities. Though, the exact number of stop and searches which were carried out based on this section is not known, since the police do not separate the stop and search made under this section, from the same powers given under other legislations. Met does hold this data where they have stated that 541 individuals had been searched under this act in the period of twelve months to March 2016, which was a 32% hike in comparison to the last year. The police can also search the suspects due to the power held by them, even when the suspicion regarding terrorist activities link lacks. The reasonable grounds restrictions was placed back in 2012 May, to curb the unnecessary harassment to the individuals, owing to the bias or prejudice of the policemen, which infringes the basic human rights (BBC, 2017). The preset powers of the police under the Terrorism Act allow them to hold any person in detention for a period of 14 days without even charging them. The laws were changed back in 2006 to increase this period to 28 days and only six suspects till date had been held for this long. In 2011, the provisions for 14 days were reinstated. From 2011 to March 2016, forty six individuals were detained using this power and only twenty five of these individuals were charged. The longest period for which an individual was held was thirteen days and this happened thrice a year. The reason why these arrests become a controversial issue is that an individual can be arrested merely on the suspicion of the police officers. The basis of this suspicion could very well stem from their personal bias, or the pre conceived notions. For instance, individuals of Muslim communities have to face such bias often, where due to the Islamic radical groups like ISIS, a lot of hatred is stemmed towards people from Muslim communities. In this regard, even the people of other communities have to face difficulties. For instance, Sikhs are often discriminated against and are called terrorist, due to the similarities between Muslims and Sikhs in wearing turbans and having long beards (Heath and Demireva, 2014). Such notions result in bias from the police force also, where the power of stop and search is used. When such happens, a number of basic human rights are infringed, which includes the right to be free from torture, right to life, and freedom of thought, conscience and religi on (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2017). The problem here is that the purpose of such legislative frameworks, in giving power to the police is to protect the individuals and their right to live, their right to be free from torture, and their right to love freely. But in order to uphold these rights, they breach these rights in a different way. This means that the only choice left with the general public is to choose between terrorists or the police force, for the purpose of their rights being infringed. Even though the latter may prove attractive due to the deaths associated with terrorist activities, but the harassment suffered at the hands of police, in regular manners, and being detained for two weeks without being given a proper reason for the same, becomes equally, if not more torturous. Being stopped in public and being questioned by the police becomes a very unsettling experience for the majority of individuals. Till the time the police officers perform their jobs in a proper manner, the rights of any suspect are not violated. This is the reason why the police officers are given immunity from lawsuits where they perform their jobs in a proper manner, and till the time a wilful or unreasonable conduct is established (Find Law, 2017). The critics of the terrorism related acts and that of the powers of police regarding investigation and surveillance argue that the counter-terrorism legislations are over the board in a dangerous manner and these affect a huge number of individuals, particularly the ethnic minority groups and the peaceful protestors, which undermines the fundamental human rights and civil liberties. The worst of the counter-terrorism laws which have been passed since the year 2000 have been cited as an example of this atrocity. Included in these are the indefinite detention without charging the foreign nations when they are suspected of being involved in terrorism; the 14 day detention without charge, which is the longest period in comparison to other democracies; the unfair and the unsafe control orders which impose intrusive, as well as, severe prohibitions, and include indefinite house arrests for a period of up to sixteen hours in a day without being charged, let alone being convicted; and the no w repealed section 44 which allowed for stop and search without suspicion (Liberty, 2017). There are number of other concerns which have been raised in this regard. There is dangerously, a very broad definition given to the term terrorism, which becomes applicable on the actions which are taken for advancing any ideological, racial, political or religious cause, designed for influencing international organization or the government of any nation or intimidating the members of public across the globe. A number of offences are linked to terrorism, which means that huger numbers of individuals are potentially criminalised. This definition is stretched to the actions which are designed for seriously disrupting the electronic system. The other problem relates to the broad new speech offences in which the encouragement of terrorism is included. This includes making such statements through which the terrorist acts are glorified. Even when the person making such statement does not have the intention of encouraging terrorism, it would be deemed as an offence. So, even when people sp eak out against repressive regimes across the world, the broad definition of terrorism would criminalise them. Deeming these as offences has a serious potential of infringement of free speech rights (Liberty, 2017). There is also the issue where photographing something which can be used for a person preparing for an act of terrorism is deemed as an offence. As a result of this, a number of professional and tourist photographers are stopped from taking the photos of police officers and even of landmark buildings. There is also a ban on such political organizations which are non-violent, which results in effective state censorship of political views, which puts an end to healthy debates. The police officers also have the power of questioning, detaining and taking DNA at border or port before a person enters or leaves UK, in order to find if such individual is involved in terrorist acts, even without reasonable suspicion. The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 allows the Minister to make emergency regulations where threat of terrorism is present. All these actions infringe upon a number of human rights of individuals (Liberty, 2017). Even though all these items raised valid points, one cannot deny that these powers are needed to be given to the police, so that they can take the necessary measures in stopping any incident from happening, as took place in Paris or London in form of terrorist attacks (Kitching, 2017). The police does not simply use the stop and search for harassing people; they use it as an important tactic which provides them with a means of allaying and confirming suspicious regarding the individuals without exercising their power of arresting. When it is used in a proportionate and appropriate manner, it results in increased community confidence towards police and also makes a positive contribution towards the reduction of fear of crime. The police use a proper manner for using stop and search in order to be lawful and be complaint with human rights. This is the reason why the police make use of Plan B, which stands for proportionality, legality, accountability, necessity and best (Equality and H uman Rights Commission, 2010). Yes, there have been cases where police has used its powers in an excessive manner, which results in infringement of the human rights, but it is necessary to use these measures. These are needed to take timely action to foil the terrorist plans and to protect the lives of thousands. So, even when doing so might infringe upon certain rights, these are needed to ensure that the individuals are alive to enjoy these rights. Conclusion Thus, the previous segments covered the different powers which have been given to the police force, particularly in UK, for saving the general public from the threat of terrorism. The prominent one in this regard is stop and search, which is often cited as a breach of human rights of an individual. However, the pace with which the terrorist activities are rising across the globe, justify the adoption of such power being given to the police. These are necessary for the individuals to have a life. Even though this results in their freedom being put at stake at times, but this is not the case every time, as the police takes special care in following the law properly while carrying on activities like stop and search. Without such powers, the terrorists would continue to play with the life of millions, which cannot be tolerated in any case. References Australian Human Rights Commission. (2006) Reconciling human rights and counter-terrorism a crucial challenge. [Online] Australian Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/reconciling-human-rights-and-counter-terrorism-crucial-challenge [Accessed on: 18/12/17] BBC. (2017) London Bridge attack: What powers do the police have?. [Online] BBC. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40152190 [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Combs, C. C. (2017)Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Oxon: Routledge. Davis, H. (2016)Human Rights Law Directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2010) Stop and think. [Online] Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/ehrc_stop_and_search_report.pdf [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Find Law. (2017) Police Misconduct and Civil Rights. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/police-misconduct-and-civil-rights.html [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Foster, S. (2016).Concentrate Questions and Answers Human Rights and Civil Liberties. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Freeman, M. (2017)Human rights. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Heath, A., and Demireva, N. (2014). Has multiculturalism failed in Britain?.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(1), pp. 161-180. Kitching, C. (2017) Europe hit by three attacks in one day as summer of terror continues in London and France. [Online] Mirror. Available from: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/europe-hit-three-attacks-one-11178674 [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Liberty. (2017) Overview of terrorism legislation. [Online] Liberty. Available from: https://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/countering-terrorism/overview-terrorism-legislation [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2017) Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism. [Online] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Factsheet32EN.pdf [Accessed on: 18/12/17

Education for Building Strategic Partnerships- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEducationfor Building Strategic Partnerships. Answer: Gathered Together Special School Introduction Children having Down syndrome disease but with some levels of intellect incapacity do not get special education training in school and their adjustment to school are affected by their problem behaviors (Campbell, 2002). Gathered together special school offers a good platform for enhancing and building the intellectual capacity of children with Down syndrome. The majority of students are able to make improvement in this way. Schools should regularly review the quality of education for students who are at a threat of underachievement. Teachers must recognize the approaches available to identify and support vulnerable students and be cognizant of the special educational needs which are most often met. The identification of special educational needs must be included in the general approach to checking student progress. Each day, all the students will be trained on reading and writing and at the same time share their experiences with other students (Moni and Jobling, 2000). Target Our target students are students between the ages of 6 and 12 years old suffering from Down syndrome. The vision of our organization is to improve the lives of children suffering from Down syndrome while the mission is to provide inclusive, diverse, educational and social skills programs. Our partners will include government, parents, community centres, health care organizations, IT and sport centre. Our target are students between the ages of 6-12 years. This will enable intervention from the early stage so as to prepare the students for social skills at the early stage thereby enhancing their personal development. They will be able to acquire skills and knowledge related to their Down syndrome difficulties. This will enable them to develop their study habits, artistic sense, and creativity. Arts education plays a special role in linking the students to their physical worlds by relating them to places they can idenyify with (Gruenewald, 2003; Noddings, 2005). Vision and Mission The vision and mission of our organization will include but not limited to; enriching the lives of Down Syndrome suffering young people and children, privileged exceptional education for student suffering from Down syndrome, enhancing the social skills for our students. Additionally, we strive to empower students to take part in and make a contribution to the world and practise the fundamental standards of the school that is respect for each other and authority, tolerating each situation that comes along, inclusion and excelling in their endeavours. The organization also envisions a school that will make the students gain, exhibit, express and value the skills and knowledge that will support them later in life. The visions also is to provide inclusive, diverse, educational and social skills programs The aims of the program will be to provide inclusive education for children with Down syndrome, offer equitable opportunities for students in the community, promote diverse participations in education and enhance regulation abilities and social skills. Building and maintaining friendship, recognition of emotions of themself and others, cop with mistakes, anger and anxiety and expressing their feeling appropriately are some of the important social skills the children will learn. Resource and Incomes Our resources and incomes will include subsidies and special grants from the government, school fees and event fees from parents, donations from philanthropists while facilities and property for rent will be provided by the local community centre. For example, the Australian Government, through its social service department offers early intervention services to children through key programs such as Better Start for Children with Disability (Better Start) and Children with Down syndrome having been identified as beneficiaries. The Better Start for Children with Disability early intervention services funding is able to provide funding of up to $12 000 per child. Throughout Australia, more than 2,600 service providers have registered to provide early intervention through Better Start program. Also we can apply for grants in organizations such as the Care Inc., which is a community organization that has been set up to offer grants to low income consumers in order to help us pay for rent. Partners Our partners will include parents since families are a part of learning process and sensitive to the needs and progress of their children. participation of families via training, provision of information and having them as part and parcel in planning of the program is important in encouraging a behavior that is positive and optimistic early in childrens lives (Hemmeter, et al., 2007). Parents suport has been shown to be an essential part in helping children with Down syndrome disorder to overcome their challenges. The parents can encourage their children to join a club outside school, where will be able to focus on enjoying a diverse activity or find activities in school in which they will make them succeed and boost their confidence. This will take the form of access to school websites, family sports activity, regular dialogue with families and the families voice and consultations. The other partners will include other schools. This will facilitate mutual sharing of information, coo perative learning behaviour and management, collaboration in school policy, sharing benefits from other schools program and offering opportunities of training for parents and other teachers. Schools ought to ensure that they have access to a teacher with expertise through partnership engagements with other schools. The other partner will include specialists and experts whose main role will be helping in solving problems, developing curriculum, teacher training and consultation. For advanced needs, arrangements should be made by the schools to appeal on added specialized evaluation from other agencies and professionals out of the school. Finally, the other partners will include health specialists for diagnostic registrations and check-up. IT and software suppliers for equipment, programs and CDs. The function that technology such as computers can make is in the demonstration of resources in stimulating pictorial forms improving the efficiency of the other learning approaches (Tanenhaus, 1997). Computers can eliminate activities that consume time and which that are not crucial to the core objective of learning. Partnership with game and sport centres will help in equipment, swimming pool and membership with the centres. Strengths and Weaknesses The weaknesses of our program are; skills and cognitive abilities are within the average range, instructional teaching and learning difficulties, recruitment and retention. The program is less interesting and attractive for teachers. There is lack of specialists such as experts, teachers, and doctors. It has been advised that school management teams must keep a close attention in provision of education, to make certain they are of high quality and coordinated well. To aid them with this, schools must be able to get expertise of teachers with specialist skills in addressing Down syndrome problems (Rose, p.69). There are also difficulties in terms of marketing. Financial limitation, competitions from other schools and separate students becomes a challenge to the running of the program. Finally there is challenge or difficulty of dealing with students behavior and emotions. It is very vital that the students are encouraged to take an optimistic outlook of themselves and their capabiliti es instead of dwelling on problems and challenges which dent their confidence. The strengths of our gathered school program are; competitions with other schools which motivates us to be the best. The other strengths are honesty, loyalty and transparency. We are also sensitive to the needs and feeling of our students. There are expended extra-curricular activities. Ethics, values, skills are also our driving force and this leads to good leaderships and management. We have a healthy and safe environment of learning that are a more important requirement for the development for our students. We also have an open communication and we share our aims with stakeholders. We pride our organization with transparency, qualified teachers and school resources, talented identification and reliable support and we are clear about our roles and expectations. Future and Sustainability The program is prepared for any financial, administrative or political crisis. There is a long term financial plan for future change. There is provision for activities for learning, enjoyment and entertainment. Form new strategic partnerships with other like-minded partners to continue helping children with the Down syndrome. Establish good working relationships with stakeholders. Manage reputation and marketing strategies for the organization in form of newsletters, website and events. Personalizing learning and making its accessibility flexible such as having the website accessible throughout i.e 24/7. Open up range of opportunities beyond education circles such as in sports, values, competitions and have retired teachers, volunteers and high school students on vocational engagement. Conclusion It is necessary to acknowledge that pupils with Down syndrome form part of the society and they are confronted with challenging conditions. GTSS in partnership with others intend to focus on improving the outcomes of the students. This will be achieved through the commitment of the students to ongoing quality teaching, professional progress, practices based on evidence, tutoring and mentoring and collaborating with other partners. The institution aims at providing excellent environment for learning that is receptive to student needs. Enrich, engage resources and provide parents and communities an opportunity for in learning and decision making. References Byrne, A., Buckley, S., MacDonald, J., Bird, G. (1995). Investigating the literacy, language and memory skills of children with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 3(2), 53-58. Campbell, S. B., Spieker, S., Burchinal, M., Poe, M. D., NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2006). Trajectories of aggression from toddlerhood to age 9 predict academic and social functioning through age 12. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(8), 791-800. Cormack, K. F. M., Brown, A. C. and Hastings, R. P. (2000), Behavioural and emotional difficulties in students attending schools for children and adolescents with severe intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, (44)124129. Hemmeter, M. L., Fox, L., Jack, S., Broyles, L. (2007). A program-wide model of positive behavior support in early childhood settings. Journal of Early Intervention, 29(4), 337-355. Kluwer, C. (1998). Schooling children with Down syndrome: Toward an understanding of possibility. Teachers College Press, 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. Moni, K., Jobling, A. (2000). LATCH-ON: A Program to Develop Literacy in Young Adults with down Syndrome. Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, 44(1), 40-49. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40016857 Robinson, K., Jones-Diaz, C. (2006).Diversity and difference in childhood(1st ed.). Rose, J. (2009). Identifying and teaching children and young people with dyslexia and literacy difficulties: an independent report. Tanenhaus, J. (1997). The computer as a tool for learning. In S.M. Pueschel M. Sustrova (Eds.), Adolescents with Down syndrome (pp. 181-198). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes. Tutt, R. (2010). Partnership Working to Support Special Educational Needs Disabilities. Sage.

Black-Figure Amphora free essay sample

The Unknown, Greek, Attic black-figure Amphora, was made in 520 510 BCE, during the Archaic period which was from 600-480 BCE. The medium is terracotta, the piece is sixteen inches and it was a Museum Purchase. At the beginning of the transition into the archaic art lost its geometric and rigid style and transformed into a more natural and real. The human figure changed from being triangular to more realistic anatomically correct human forms. These fgures usually represented illustrations of epic tales. Also during this time the notable archaic smile was introduced. Because of this transition, Artists with a concentration in pottery were able to fully become proficient in the skill of the Corinthians, while in Athens. The term attic is derived from the word Athenian because of the area that surrounds it. In this location black figure pottery was very high in demand in markets and the rest of the Mediterranean region. We will write a custom essay sample on Black-Figure Amphora or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Terra-cotta was widely used in pot making during the archaic period. There was two different types of techniques that were used to decorate the pot. One was red- figure, and the other was black-fgure. The names describe the processes of how hese types of pieces are made. The amphora is a black fgure piece. The amphora was a popular piece in Ancient Greece. They style of the Jar was usually sculpted to have a tapering base and neck with a wide body that had two handles. An amphora is a vessel for storing or transporting honey, water, wine or olive oil. The process that was used to make this black fgure piece was first you had to sculpt the piece, and then the artist would paint black fgures on the amphora using slip made from clay and water. Then they would take a sharp tipped tool and draw into the black figure to eveal the orange clay below. The piece was fired in three different stages. The process they used included altering with the amount of oxygen allowed I during the firing processes which allowed some parts of the clay to stay orange and for others to turn black. The scene depicted on the amphora is the procession of Dionysus. Dionysus is the Greek god who is the god of wine and wine making. On one side Dionysus is holding grapevine branches and his Kantharos which is a container shaped like a bowl that is filled with a never ending supply of his wine. He is standing etween two other satyrs while being followed by Maenads who appear on the other side of the vessel. These creatures are sometimes referred to as the raving ones, they are wild women and followers of the wine god who like to become drunk and make bad decisions. During the Archaic period potters used elements of Greek mythology to decorate their pieces of work. One thing that is notably missing is the easily recognizable Greek key. This is usually tound on either the neck or e tn body ot the piece. In this particular piece the artist used black fgure. Black fgure pottery is sually known for its intricate detailing compared to red fgure which is known for its more minimalistic approach. One could easily assume that it is Dionysus on the amphora because in black fgure he is always portrayed with his wine bowl, long pointy beard, long braided hair and long dress like robe. Although the actually specific design of the robes varies they all have a distinctive key at the bottom of them. Dionysus can also be spotted by the crown of grape leaves on his head. If you were to look closely you can see the big stylized alien like eyes that was synonomyus ith the archaic, along with the exaggerated muscle tone of the body, this was done because physical fitness was very important to Greeks.

John F Kennedy essays

John F Kennedy essays a) John F. Kennedy: raised in a wealthy and political family, whose mother was the daughter of the congressman and mayor, John F. Fitzgerald and gather was an ambassador to Great Britain from 1937-1940. Kennedy enrolled into the navy during WW2, won a seat in congress and won a Pulitzer Prize for Profiles in Courage. He suffered from back pain and Addisons disease, which had to be treated with cortisone everyday. He promises many citizens of the United States a leadership to get America moving again b) Flexible response: President Kennedy really wanted to set his mind and plans on changing the nations nuclear strategy. So. Kennedy didnt want to use the nuclear weapons for a minor problem between the Soviets, Kennedys consultants developed a policy called the flexible response. In the nations view this meant that the nations conventional forces had been mistreated during the building of the nuclear arms. This policy increased the defense spending and produced a branch called the Special Forces. Kennedy hoped to liver the risk of any nuclear war, which almost came close over the island of Cuba. c) Fidel Castro: a revolutionary leader in Cuba, which declares himself as a communist who greeted the Soviet Union with open arms. Castro wanted more power, which in 1956-1959, led to a guerrilla movement to trample down the dictator, Bastista. Many Americans portrayed Castro as a freedom fighter, but as the US and Cubas relationship became troubled. Castro took action by uprooting trade barriers against Cuban sugars. In which instantly, Castro relied on Soviets help for aid and political tyranny. d) Berlin Wall: Kennedys willpower and Americans advantage for nuclear striking power wanted to stop Khrushchev from closing down from the air and land between West Berlin and East Germany, On August 13, 1961, East Germans decided to build a concrete ...

Distorting the Truth Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Distorting the Truth - Case Study Example According to the research findings, every country has its own set of laws for criminals but the international court of justice which has set some laws which are applicable to the entire world. Some of these cases are reported while others are never heard of. One specific type of crime happens to people belonging to different ethnicities and races. People belonging to a particular race will have distinct features and biological traits which the other group would not have. People tend to treat people of some races differently, for example, the way a person might treat an Asian might not be the same as the way they treat an American. The color of their skins is one through which people discriminate among people belonging to different races etc. Some physical differences are said to be inherited but discrimination is basically based on your social background or even your upbringing. People who discriminate on the basis of color, background or ethnicity are called racists and this can be seen as a crime. These people think that certain people belonging to a particular race are superior and the `lower race` does not deserve to even be at the same place as them. Some groups who have been the victims of these types of crime include Asians, Blacks, Hispanics and white people. Heather Mac Donald`s article â€Å"Distorting The Truth About Crime And Race† appeared in the City Journal and is based on an article which made the front page of the New York Times. Mac Donald believes that the NY times follow a specific procedure of portraying any story related to the New York Police Department (NYPD) on the basis of racial context: to relate the behavior of this police department to `racial crime rates`, rather than revealing the actual crime rates and then relating it.

Analyze a Political Cartoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze a Political Cartoon - Essay Example Ultimately, the power of the cartoon cannot be found within any single component of its message but rather with the entire combination of symbolism, labeling, and exaggeration that it presents. Finally, the analysis will seek to answer the question of whether or not the portrayal of the cartoon is effective in persuading the viewer and/or audience to think or view a situation in a given context or manner. The first aspect of the cartoon that grips the viewer’s attention is the clear use of symbolism and labeling that the cartoonist has employed to denote the Christian, Muslim, and members of the SCAF that are represented. This labeling simplifies the issue and allows the participants within the cartoon to be reduced and simplified to a mere 3 active entities. By utilizing the Christian cross, the Muslim crescent and the insignia and uniforms of the SCAF, the reader is made aware of what each participant within the cartoon represents and symbolizes. ... This level of purity is further symbolized by the fact that the Christian and Muslim man (representing the broader populations of both of these entities within Egypt) are clothed in white. Naturally, exaggeration is also employed in a massively effective means as the SCAF is denoted to be an insidious and corrupting influence that displays the same generic and shameful behavior under the guise of its constitutionally given power. This exaggeration is the strength behind the entire cartoon. Although the Christian and the Muslim occupy center stage within the confines of this political cartoon, it is the corrupting influence of the SCAF that provides the power behind the image that is typified. Yet, rather than making a blanket statement regarding the ultimate goodness or evil that is exhibited by the SCAH, the cartoon seeks to strike at the core of the problems that are exhibited within Egypt; namely a power structure that is able to take advantage of natural and key fault lines that exist within the political spectrum; thereby allowing the members of the government and the SCAH to behave in a manner that they would not do otherwise. In short, the increase in division serves the purposes that they strive to accomplish (Lawate 2). Ultimately, the reader and/or researcher can understand that the given political cartoon is not only effective in communicating an understanding of the present day situation within Egypt and/or the Arab world, it is extraordinarily effective in such a task. Although this is not always the case for a political cartoon, this particular cartoon is one which allows its underlying simplicity and the vocal and omnipresent nature of its participants to speak to its underlying truth. Due to the fact that almost all

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing - Assignment Example A slight increase in price will result in driving its customers to competitors’ brands. Its niche market is getting saturated and should try and target newer market segments in emerging economies. The emerging markets are very sensitive to price and Apple Inc should try and reduce its direct and indirect costs to increase the profit margin. Since price is an important determinant of the product quality, thus reducing will also result in negative customer perception. It should try to achieve better economies of scale, strategic partnerships, vertical integration of business process, ancillary services etc (Rogers, 2001). Apple Inc should aim at increasing its economies of scale to enjoy better profit margin. This will allow it to enjoy higher profitability without adjusting the price of its products. It can enjoy better scale of operations by buying in bulk from its vendors. It imports value added component that is imported from countries across the world. It imports from countries like China, Taiwan, Singapore, France, Germany, Japan, etc. Economies of scale is achieved either through internal or external scale of operations. Apple can increase its orders to enjoy better rates from its suppliers. This will reduce its shipping costs as bulk transportation will allow it to receive discounts from its logistics partner. At the operational level this will lead to increased scale of operations which will reduce per unit cost of production resulting in an overall decrease in the total cost. For enjoying better economies Apple Inc should forecast the market demand of its products. There should be significa nt demand of its products that will incentivise it to order in bulk (Kotler, and Keller, 2012). Vendors and logistics partners of Apple Inc might offer trade discounts, long term supply contracts, etc. Its current list of vendors is provided in the table below: Better customer relationship

The Traumatic Theory Of Beloved English Literature Essay

The Traumatic Theory Of Beloved English Literature Essay The book is a mystery in itself never showing clearly what is what is going on. Because Beloved tells two different stories at the same time this book is the hardest book that I have ever read with all the twist and turns. Beloved revolves around the Literary Trauma Theory. The Literary Trauma Theory connects itself with historical trauma; historical trauma is a stressor from past events such as slavery which is also in the book Beloved. The historical trauma of slavery that is taken place in the book is horrific in its self, showing that living in that time was very difficult. The book Beloved was taken place in a small town called Sweet Home where slavery is a main factor which makes it tough for black people back then. The phrase trauma is wrapped around everyones life in Sweet Home because of slavery. Slavery in this book shows why slavery up to date still affects people. Another key factor in Beloved is identity. Identity lost is what everyone in Sweet Home is having a problem with. I know everyone may have suffered from a loss of identity in their life, even if they simply ask questions such as, what am I supposed to do in life? Or, where will my life take me? To me those are all ways people question their identity. The character Beloved suffers the most from identity lost, she doesnt even really know who she is because she even ask herself the question, who am I? I even had to wonder who Beloved is because it is not clear whether she is human or a ghost because of how she is described in the book. Slavery is what makes everyone have their destruction of identity, it is stated by SparkNotes editors that: Beloved explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual devastation wrought by slavery, a devastation that continues to haunt those characters who are former slaves even in freedom. The most dangerous of slaverys effects is its negative impact on the former slaves senses of self, and the novel contains multiple examples of self-alienation. (SparkNotes Editors) All the main characters have similar problems of identity and self-alienation in their own ways, for instance Paul D suffers from alienation he has this problem pretty bad because he feels alienation from himself, he hears screaming and does not know whether it is him or someone else. Sethe is another person that has problems throughout the book, she also feels alienated from herself and has identity destruction, and she also has self-esteem problems. Baby Suggs even struggles through those slavery times because she cannot support her family. SparkNotes editors state, As a result of their inability to believe in their own existences, both Baby Suggs and Paul D become depressed and tired. Baby Suggss fatigue is spiritual, while Paul Ds is emotional(SparkNotes Editors). This states how rough people really had it back in the slavery days because they were unable to cope with what was happening in their lives. Additionally, Sethe is one character that has it hard in this book; to me she suffers the most out of all the characters. Repetition happens to Sethe when she frequently remembers the traumatic point in her life where she was held down by some men and they milked her breast. This is very disturbing to me because I view this as a form of rape even though they did not have actual sex with her, it is still sexual contact. The term fragmentation is also shown in Beloved by the same horrific point in Sethes life because she could not fully piece the whole scene together after it happened, whenever she told someone what happed she would catch blurs of the image because it was so traumatic to her. A historical trauma response happens to Sethe when Paul D tries to get closer to her and she suffers from low self-esteem and she seems to panic in that situation because she has flash backs of that terrible moment which has her struggle to express her true emotions. Im sure that every girl who ha s experienced the traumatic scene of being raped, almost being raped, or being sexually assaulted period has had self-esteem problems after or has felt alienated due to that reason, it is just a common thing for women and even if it was to happen to a man to, they will feel the same. There is a lot of unresolved grief that also happens to Sethe where she suffers because it reinforces the trauma problem she is having in her life. Isolation is something of which Beloved struggles with while being in the form of a ghost, feeling as though she is alone and unconnected to the outside world keeps Beloved in that isolated state of mind. Beloved takes on an unhomeliness state of mind because she is extra-territorial to the house that she is living in; she doesnt really leave that house, it is like Beloved is a ghost in a haunted house or she is bound to the house never to leave. Both Beloved and Sethe also suffer from abjection because they feel as though they have lost her identities. They are the main people to me who suffer from abjection or identity lost. In adding, even though all the characters in the book Beloved have similar problems Beloved and Sethe to me struggles the hardest because of their identity lost problems and as for Sethe again she also struggles with her children too because they also suffer with their own identities destruction. There are some key factors or symbols that are of major importance in the book Beloved. These symbols represent a lot of different things through the book that will help grasp what is going on in Beloved. The first symbol is the color red. The meaning of the color red can be interpreted many different ways in this book because it varies. Two examples of how the color red can vary is show by two characters Amy Denver and Paul D, SparkNotes editors claim, Amy Denvers red velvet, for example, is an image of hope and a brighter future, while Paul Ds red heart represents feeling and emotion (SparkNotes Editors). I think that this is a correct observation in those two examples. To me the color red in Beloved signifies the strength and nature of a humans life and their altogether existence as a person. The next symbol that is of importance is the symbolism of trees. In Beloved trees also have varying meanings, on one angle trees can mean life which relates also to our everyday life; in ever yday life trees give oxygen which helps us to breathe and live because without trees humans and other living creatures would die, but in Beloved trees give life by show right paths and comforting the persons who need them most. For instance SparkNotes editors give another good observation where it is related to Sethe and Paul D claiming, The beautiful trees of Sweet Home mask the true horror of the plantation in Sethes memory. Paul D finds his freedom by following flowering trees to the North, and Sethe finds hers by escaping through a forest (SparkNotes Editors). The last symbol is the tin tobacco box that is owned by Paul D. Paul D feels as though all of his emotions are contained in this little tin tobacco box. The tobacco box rust and becomes supposedly unable to open which in turn locks away all of his emotions and alienates him for everybody including his own self. In conclusion, the book Beloved is a complex one and not the easiest to understand, but reading on one may tend to grasp what is going on easier. The characters in this book are of difficulty the understand they lose their identities and struggle in retrieving them but the most complex character of them all was Beloved as I stated earlier, finding out whether she is a ghost or human was the most difficult because in the end Beloved turn out to be different representation of other people, such as Sethes dead child. Sethe lost her child, but when she meets Beloved she feels different things that makes Sethe have repeat thoughts of her dead baby, for instance when she is near Beloved she feels as though her water may have broken. Beloved also took on the name Beloved from what was written on Sethes dead babies tomb stone which gives another representation towards Sethes lost child. Although all of this takes place with Beloved it is still not shown fully what she really is because she c omes off to be many different things. In all, Beloved makes it easier to see why it is understandable how slavery is of a great deal to our history and why it still plays a role in todays life. Slavery impacted the lives of the people in this book a great deal because it was one of the reasons why they all felt alienated and why none of them new who they really were and also why this still happens to people now.

The Townshend Act and Protest of the Colonists :: American America History

The Townshend Act and Protest of the Colonists The Townshend Acts’ repeal of the Stamp Act left Britain's financial problems unresolved. Parliament had not given up the right to tax the colonies and in 1767, at the urging of chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend, it passed the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes on lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper that Americans imported from Britain. In an effort to strengthen its own authority and the power of royal colonial officials, Parliament, at Townshend's request, also created the American Board of Customs Commissioners whose members would strictly enforce the Navigation Acts. Revenue raised by the new tariffs would be used to free royal officials from financial dependence on colonial assemblies, thus further encroaching on colonial autonomy. Once again the colonists protested vigorously. In December 1767, John Dickinson, a Philadelphia lawyer, published 12 popular essays that reiterated the colonists' denial of Parliament's right to tax them and warned of a conspiracy by a corrupt British ministry to enslave Americans. The Sons of Liberty organized protests against customs officials, merchants entered into nonimportation agreements, and the Daughters of Liberty advocated the nonconsumption of products, such as tea, taxed by the Townshend Acts. The Massachusetts legislature sent the other colonies a circular letter condemning the Townshend Acts and calling for a united American resistance. British officials then ordered the dissolution of the Massachusetts General Court if it failed to withdraw its circular letter; the court refused, by a vote of 92 to 17, and was dismissed. The other colonial assemblies, initially reluctant to protest the acts, now defiantly signed the circular letter, outraged at British interference with a colonial legislature.In other ways, British actions again united American protest. The Board of Customs Commissioners extorted money from colonial merchants and usedflimsy excuses to justify seizing American vessels. These actions heightened tensions, which exploded on June 21, 1768, when customs officials seized Boston merchant John Hancock's sloop Liberty. Thousands of Bostonians rioted, threatening the customs commissioners' lives and forcing them to flee the city. When news of the Liberty riot reached London, four regiments of British army troops-some 4,000 soldiers-were ordered to Boston to protect the commissioners. The contempt of British troops for the colonists, combined with the soldiers' moonlighting activities that deprived Boston laborers of jobs, inevitably led to violence. In March 1770 a riot occurred between British troops and Boston citizens, who jeered and taunted the soldiers. The troops fired, killing five people. The so-called Boston Massacre aroused great colonial resentment. This anger was soon increased by further parliamentary legislation. Bowing to colonial economic boycotts, Parliament, guided by the new prime minister, Lord Frederick North, repealed the Townshend Acts in 1770 but retained the

The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society

Response to â€Å"The Human Cost of an illiterate society† 1/30/2011 In â€Å"The Human cost of an illiterate society,† Jonathan Kozol attempts to convince his reader that illiteracy is extremely harmful to a society, and that it is the ultimate destruction of a human being’s life. He explains with great detail how being ignorant (unknown) at something so universal like being able to read the directions on a medicine label, can lead to a lifetime of hardship and long term agony.Kozol develops his reasoning by contributing meaningful but real world examples on how being illiterate is dangerous and fatal. For example He uses not being able to explain where you are if something fatal was to happen, and not being able to understand the dangers of a cigarettes label with a surgeons warning on it. After giving a plenty load of examples, he then brings the discussion back to his central argument on how being illiterate can be costly. When a person does not understand wh at they have wrongfully done it can be difficult to prosecute or judge that person.If he is not able to read then that person might not be aware that giving a child too much aspirin could result in overdose which can ultimately lead to death. The question that still remains is should that person be held accountable. According to today’s society the answer is still unknown but to protect the people of this society from that illiterate person, the answer is yes that person must be limited. What this ultimately means is that, he must be kept from society so that he won’t cause harm for his on ignorant habits.He will have to be watched, fed, and kept in an environment where he will always be stable. This top of living can cost a lot of money and this is the financial burden that cost a society so much money. In a way this is unfair because it is not this person’s fault that he can’t read, understand, and think critically. Illiterate people will always be in t he dark, and they will always struggle with trying to figure out the differences between what’s wrong and what’s right.

The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports Essays

The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports Essays The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports Essay The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports Essay The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports Name: Institution: Instructor: Course: Date: The Olympics and the Influence of Politics In Sports 10.1 The spirit of Olympism is based on the ideals educating people about equality and the importance of all cultures by supporting and encouraging sports as one of the humanities. This would blend culture, education and sport. Today’s Olympics have tried to keep the games aligned to these ideals, but despite a few unifying occasions, the games have veered off the original humanistic goals. One aspect demonstrating this is the increased commercialization of the Olympic events and athletes. The prominence of sponsors takes away the focus from the use of sport as an avenue for equality by promoting elitism. A few athletes are thus placed on a pedestal above other athletes. This places a focus on winning to get a result for sponsors. Personality cults also form around a few prominent athletes. The media have also played a major role in the promotion of inequality due to the aspects of the games that they choose to promote. The International Olympic committee should engage the media in promoting the importance of all athletes who make it to the games. Tokens of appreciation should also be given to all participating athletes. The excessive pressure to win has resulted in athletes using illegal means to boost their performance. The consistent discovery of doping in Olympic class athletes shows the desperation associated with winning a medal and veers off the ideals of fair play and friendship. Nationalism has also played a part in this by placing political pressure on athletes to represent their home countries well. This may later be used as leverage by countries that do well to lobby for the hosting rights of the next Olympics. Of wider significance than the games, is the festival of national representation that runs through the bidding process (Sugden Tomlison, 2012). The promotion of sports as a right to all for the joy of sport is also not a priority today. The idea of super Olympic athletes promoted by the media discourages the average person from participating in sport. It is ironical that countries that perform well in the Olympics like the United States and the United Kingdom also have high obesity rates. This can be resolved by using the Olympics as a platform to sensitize people worldwide on the importance of sport to human health and dignity. 10.2 Politics plays a highly influential role in most aspects of American sports. Of particular note, is the recent use of prominent sports personalities by politicians in the current presidential campaigns to help push for votes. Their endorsement is believed to help sway young people who place hero status on sporting legends. In addition to this, politics influences policies affecting sports on a regular basis. The National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity is one of several organizations that lobby for Federal government funding in promoting sports for health. They also push for policies governing physical activity in America. Government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control also institute programs like community and state physical programs besides keeping track of national physical activity statistics. The promotion of sports plays a crucial role in the creation of government policies. The Bush administration formed an advisory council on sports and physical fitness to encourage national participation in sports. The goal was to promote the overall health of Americans. Cities and states across the United States also offer financial incentives to sports facility buildings. Part of the motivation is the keep professional sports active in their cities. Numerous government policies have historically provided taxpayer subsidies and other financial assistance to various franchises in the professional sports leagues (Jozsa, 2003). The good governance in the United States promotes sports as it influences productivity in all spheres. The 2012 American Olympic team garnered the most medals. The fact that they had excellent training facilities, medical care, food and equipment, played a major role in their success. The stable political environment, made all this possible. References Jozsa, F. (2003). American sports empire: how the leagues breed success. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Sugden, J. Tomlison, A. (2012). Watching the Olympics: politics, power and representation. London; New York: Routledge.

Argos Was an Important Greek Polis

Argos Was an Important Greek Polis Located by the Gulf of Argolis, Argos is an important polis of Greece in the southern section, the Peloponnese, specifically, in the area called the Argolid. It has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The inhabitants were known as á ¼Ë†Ã ÃŽ ³ÃŽ µÃ¡ ¿â€"ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ (Argives), a term that is sometimes used for all the Greeks. Argos competed with Sparta for prominence in the Peloponnese but lost. The Gods and Heros of Argos Argos was named for an eponymous hero. The more familiar Greek heroes Perseus and Bellerophon are also connected with the city. In the Dorian invasion, when the descendants of Heracles, known as the Heraclidae, invaded the Peloponnese, Temenus received Argos for his lot. Temenos is one of the ancestors of the Macedonian royal house from which came Alexander the Great. Argives worshiped the goddess Hera in particular. They honored her with an Heraion and annual festival. There were also sanctuaries of Apollo Pythaeus, Athena Oxyderces, Athena Polias, and Zeus Larissaeus (located on the Argive acropolis known as Larissa). The Nemean Games were held in Argos from the end of the fifth century to the late fourth because the sanctuary of Zeus at Nemea had been destroyed; then, in 271, Argos became their permanent home. Telesilla of Argos was a female Greek poet who wrote around the turn of the fifth century B.C.  She is best known for rallying the women of Argos against the attacking Spartans under Cleomenes I, in about 494. Alternate Spellings: á ¼Å'Ï ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š Argos in Literature In the period of the Trojan War, Diomedes ruled Argos, but Agamemnon was his overlord, and so the whole Peloponnese is sometimes referred to as Argos. The Iliad Book VI mentions Argos in connection with mythological figures Sisyphus and Bellerophon: There is a city in the heart of Argos, pasture land of horses, called Ephyra, where Sisyphus lived, who was the craftiest of all mankind. He was the son of Aeolus, and had a son named Glaucus, who was father to Bellerophon, whom heaven endowed with the most surpassing comeliness and beauty. But Proetus devised his ruin, and being stronger than he, drove him from the land of the Argives, over which Jove had made him ruler. Some Apollodorus references to Argos: 2.1 Ocean and Tethys had a son Inachus, after whom a river in Argos is called Inachus....But Argus received the kingdom and called the Peloponnese after himself Argos; and having married Evadne, daughter of Strymon and Neaera, he begat Ecbasus, Piras, Epidaurus, and Criasus, who also succeeded to the kingdom. Ecbasus had a son Agenor, and Agenor had a son Argus, the one who is called the All-seeing. He had eyes in the whole of his body, and being exceedingly strong he killed the bull that ravaged Arcadia and clad himself in its hide; and when a satyr wronged the Arcadians and robbed them of their cattle, Argus withstood and killed him.Thence [Danaus] came to Argos and the reigning king Gelanor surrendered the kingdom to him; and having made himself master of the country he named the inhabitants Danai after himself. 2.2 Lynceus reigned over Argos after Danaus and begat a son Abas by Hypermnestra; and Abas had twin sons Acrisius and Proetus by Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus.... They divided the whole of the Argive territory between them and settled in it, Acrisius reigning over Argos and Proetus over Tiryns. Sources Argos The Concise Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Ed. M.C. Howatson and Ian Chilvers. Oxford University Press, 1996. Albert Schachter Argos, Cults The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Ed. Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth. Oxford University Press 2009. The Traditional Enmity Between Sparta and Argos: The Birth and Development of a MythThomas KellyThe American Historical Review, Vol. 75, No. 4 (Apr., 1970), pp. 971-1003 Reviving Nemeas Games

Gay Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay Marriages - Essay Example Due to the other states understanding the importance of America as an equal nation, those in support of gay marriage believe that gay marriage will soon be celebrated nationwide. There are many arguments pertaining to whether or not gay marriage should be legalized. For those that are against gay marriage, many of them take religious or personal stances. They point out verses in the Bible or other religious texts about gay marriage being a sin, they state that homosexuality is morally wrong, or else claim that since children cannot be made without a male and a female, homosexuality is not proper. While these alleged proofs or beliefs may condone the personal beliefs of people against gay marriage, those that are for gay marriage use different evidence supporting their own claims as to why gay marriage should be legalized. They do so by taking a legal point of view of the argument. The people in favor of gay marriage may respect the beliefs and opinions of those that are against gay m arriage, and some may even understand where those in opposition are coming from. However, those that are for gay marriage point out that there is a separation of church and state, which makes all religious arguments invalid in regard to legal matters (Snyder, 2006). The separation of church and state makes it clear that laws are not to be created or rejected based on religious principles. This is due in part to many people not believing in or agreeing with the concepts that religions speak of. In that mindset, supporters of gay marriage feel the need to point out all of the legal aspects of gay couples being denied marriage, stating that they are being denied their legal rights when they are denied the opportunity to marry. Using the United States Constitution, more specifically the Fourteenth Amendment, gay couples and those who approve of equality for homosexuals are able to argue that they are being denied rights as American citizens when their pleas of marriage are turned down. The Fourteenth Amendment often comes into play in these arguments as the amendment states that all United States citizens will be treated equally regardless of gender, nationality, race, religion, and other factors. People in favor of gay marriage believe that this amendment also applies to sexual orientation (Gerstmann, 2007). Even though the amendment may not state it directly, the amendment exists to make sure that every citizen of the United States is treated the same way despite the characteristics that may set them apart from others. By implementing this amendment in legal arguments to legalize gay marriage, many who are for gay marriages have seen positive results, which is encouraging others to rely on their rights as citizens to demand to be treated with equality. As such, those that argue for gay marriage have more valid arguments than those that argue against gay marriage. People in favor of gay marriage have turned the argument from a religious, moralistic one to an argu ment where the legal rights of citizens are in jeopardy. The concept of legalized gay marriages is becoming more of a reality due to the fact that people are making it happen by making use of their rights as citizens. As previously mentioned, there are quite a few states that have approved of gay marriages simply because they acknowledge that by denying gay marriages, they are denying people their rights.

Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in children Essay

Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in children - Essay Example In fact, the diagnosis of this rare disease depends on accurate identification of symptoms. One tool that can be used to diagnose the disease is the 'diagnostic questionnaire' which can help the medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Also, spending time being obsessed with cars, sex and football may be compelling ( or compulsive ) but these pleasurable interests are not considered as clinically termed obsessive compulsive behavior. Further, many patients with the this disease even suffer from more mundane compulsions. And, other symptoms of the disease include repeated and stereotyped checking, counting, ordering or even cleaning. Oftentimes, the disease could generate obsessive thoughts that are sometimes Unhappily though, Obsessive Compulsive disorder sufferers(Beck, 15) carry out compulsive rituals to such abnormal extremes that they interfere with normal living. For example, it is a normal behavior to double-check if the gas fire has been turned off, and the front door locked, before you go to bed. On the contrary, We can psychologically classify a person to be abnormal if he or she washes his or her hands 20 or 30 times a day in a seriously rigid routine. In the same token, it's also abnormal normal to repetitively clean the house so thoroughly for more than an hour because this abnormal action will wear away or literally remove the wallpaper. Additionally, an obsessive repulsive disorder patient may feel he or she MUST meticulously set the table for Christmas dinner even though it is still in late September.Furthermore, there are many features of obsessive compulsive disorder. One of which is that the patient experiences unpleasantly repetitive thoughts, images, or impulses comi ng from the patient's own mind. Normal persons would characterize these thoughts as a silly or, to put it bluntly, symptoms of abnormality. In most attacks, the patient unsuccessfully resists the thoughts and performance of the abnormal acts. A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder has either obsessions, or compulsions or, in worse cases, both(Carr, 1). The obsessions and/or compulsions of this disorder are strong enough factors to cause a significant distress in their employment, schoolwork, or personal and social relationships. It also includes anankastic neurosis, obsessional neurosis and obsessive-compulsive neurosis.I also agree that the patient who has these obsessions(Skinner, 364) does have recurring, persisting thoughts, impulses or images that inappropriately intrude into the person's normal daily routines thereby causing marked distress or anxiety. In fact, these abnormal ideas or thoughts are more than just excessive worries about ordinary problems. In most cases, the person suffering from the disease tries to ignore or suppress these unwelcome thought or to neutralize them by either thoughts or behaviors. I agree that the person who has compulsion has the feeling that he or she feels the need to repeat physical behaviors such as checking the stove to be sure it is off, hand washing) or mental behaviors such as counting things, silently repeating words. And, the obsessive compulsive disorder behaviors occur as a response to an obsession or in

Two separate survey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two separate survey - Research Paper Example For the most part, the participants are grouped together under a focus group, after having been selected from a previous quantitative survey. The major shortcoming of hybrid survey compared to mail surveys is that, it is more expensive. This is manly due to the fact that, hybrid survey involves a lot of coordination and organization, and hence requires quite a considerable amount of resources to administer. Furthermore, hybrid surveys require extensive time period for implementation. However, this form of survey is able to enhance quality than mail survey design, since it has a higher response rate, coupled with a superior response quality and validity (Ritter, 2007). For instance Wal-Mart conducts an initial online survey for most of its customers who log in to their survey portal. Subsequently, based on the answers they obtain from the participants, the company sends email and phone requests for them to participate in another structured survey. The initial survey is deliberated to obtain the participants feedback, concerning their latest shopping experience. The goal for Wal-Mart is to avoid repetition (Wal-Mart, 2011). Mail survey is a data collection technique, whereby respondents fill questionnaires in paper format and return them through mail (Zikmund & Babin, 2006). Mail surveys unlike hybrid online surveys, are not that expensive to manage. Furthermore, the same questionnaires are able to be sent to a wide number of individuals, and they are able to complete at their own expediency. However, it has the shortcoming whereby the response rates are regularly very low, especially when it comes to asking for comprehensive written responses. Notably, all entries are postmarked, and added to subsequent monthly entries (UPS, 2012). Then information and answers provided in the online surveys is used by Wal-Mart to assess and come up with possible changes that are conducive

Hinduism Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Research Paper Essay For me, the process of reading this section and sorting the confusion of thoughts thereafter enough to write about, involved several attempts to reading, writing and letting it go. As I read through this section with much anticipation, I found myself struggling to capture the essence of the writings of Kant, Weber, Marx, Hegel and others. After numerous readings, I realised that I was reading about modernity through the perspective of western philosophical writers and social thinkers. My eastern heritage and western education had somehow missed adequate information on both Hinduism and a balanced approach to modernity. As I read the writings of Smith, shortly after the first page, the expectation of deepening my understanding of Hinduism was pushed to the back burner and I received an education on western philosophical and social thought. That was disappointing because I had hoped to learn more about Hinduism and its place in the modern day. My expectation was that somehow the author would reconcile so called rational theorisations (that I too am very attached to) and the in-explainable Hindu concepts that I was familiar with. Unfortunately, other than seeing shadows of faith based thinking in Hegel, the section on Hinduism and modernity abruptly ends with little or no understanding on Hinduism and the assortment of modern day theorists do not bridge the intellectual divide between the two concepts. A couple of days after reading this section and failing to write any thoughts, I suddenly realised another obstacle in my thinking. When I lived in India, amidst the Indian culture, I had come to accept Hinduism as the â€Å"modern† religion as opposed to Christianity or Islam. The basis of this label was that Hinduism lacked a book or structured definitions and paid no attention to conversion of others to Hinduism. As an organised religion, it was wonderfully ambiguous, largely spiritual and open to individual expression. It was okay to discard rituals or practices that did not my approval. That essence of Hinduism that I carried from my stay in India was a sharp contrast to the author’s perspective of Hinduism being the example of a â€Å"traditional† religion, and perhaps a far cry from modernity. My personal thought is that Hinduism, like philosophical or social theory has over the last 2000 plus years been defined by male dominated patriarchal societies. Like the cream on homemade Indian yogurt, that layer needs to be peeled away to study the essence of Hinduism or modernity and understand the closeness they share. European Discovery of Hinduism from â€Å"Hinduism and Modernity† The European discovery of Hinduism spans a period from the 15th century when the ports of Goa opened up for the Portuguese traders to the 18th century when the British begin to live in India and acculturate themselves with some of the Indian traditions. In these three hundred years, India seemed to change from an isolated country hidden from the world, to a country that could no longer hide its spices, its riches and its culture. Sadly though, the discovery of Hinduism for non Indians did not have a clear theoretical base, and was dependant on a largely oral and abstractly written sparse Hindu religious/cultural history, during a time when the Indian society was not open to sharing with the outside world. As a result, the accounts of Hinduism written by visitors depicted the Hindu religion as grotesque or insipid, by European writers who travelled to India and experienced the culture from their biblical eyes. The practice of sati, the deification of kings, the extreme deprivation of Brahmans and the overly sexualised art altogether presented a confusing picture that could not be corrected, because the language of India was not understood by the Europeans. To their sensibilities, the ways of the Indians were horrifying to say the least. The Europeans in India, who could have had the opportunity to experience the Hindu culture first hand, also were kept at the fringes by the Indians, as per the writings of Bentinck in 1807. It seemed as though their (European) â€Å"needs† and â€Å"business† were â€Å"taken care† for them, without them disturbing the hierarchy and the dictates of the local culture. At this point, it seems as though the hierarchical society in India was interchangeably used to represent the Hindu religion. There seemed to be very little understanding of the Hindu religion apart from the social structure, with the teachings of he religion being a closely guarded secret, by the priests and the wealthy. The fact that that Indians were not open to foreigners examining their religion is evident from Bernier’s writings. Bernier’s base of atomism of Gassendi could have led to a productive exchange between the European and Indian culture, however, it seemed as if he gave u p because he could not visualise a coherent Hindu cosmological theory and the â€Å"pundit† who was his only source of information, did not have enough skills to dialogue. There were sporadic writings through this time, for example by Abraham Roger, 1649, themed on â€Å"Paganism† that attempted to describe the Hindu culture of India, but at some point they tended to disintegrate into a judgemental dismissal of the body of knowledge that was very different to say the least. There always seemed to be enough examples to create caricatures and convince the western world, that India was not worthy of serious enquiry. All in all, from a modern day perspective, it seems that the Indians had created multiple layers to protect themselves from invaders, missionaries, scholars, traders all of them having an agenda to rip open the cultural centre and expose the vulnerability to the world. So it seems that visitors were kept at bay, given spices, gold, and sent on their way. The resistance also came from an established social structure and was maintained by those in power, for whom, it made sense to keep up the confusing and diffused aura, so they may profit as the privileged few who understood both sides. Marx and Weber’s writings in the 19th century are also historical sources of information on this time, although Marx did not write anything that helped the world understand Hinduism. Webers’s writings did contain some key concepts which were central to the Hindus, such as â€Å"Samskaras† or â€Å"Karma† but also contained some extreme views which were more true of Webers’ own personal struggles and growth. It was not until the late 18th century, under the colonial rule by the British, that Indians met westerners as friends, who wanted to understand or join the Indian culture, without an agenda. Around that time, Indians within India had also begun to look beyond their borders and the environment seemed ready for cultural exchange. The exchanges thereafter where both the Indian and the British culture absorbed elements from each other created an environment where a genuine interest could sustain and studies could be done. Dayananda Saraswati from â€Å"A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism† Dear Sikander Bhaiya, I came across something interesting and wanted to share it with you. I’m taking a class in Hinduism, about 10,000 miles away from home, and learning about Dayananda Saraswati, who as it turns out, is the founder of our Arya Samaj sect. You may recognize the Arja Samaj nurseries near our house, well here is some information behind the teachings at these schools. As my professor says, Swami Dayananda was born into a Brahmin family in 19th century India. But one point you should know is that his real name is Mool Shankar and he was born in Gujrat. He found the Arya Samaj, meaning cultural organization, after an impacting event during the night of Shivratri. When mice ran all over Shiva and ate the offerings given to him, he could not understand why the idol could not defend himself from a mouse. Then, after the death of his sister from cholera, he no longer believed and degraded idol worship. That is when he created the Arya Samaj movement for people who do not believe in idol worship. Nevertheless, Swami Dayananda did not form the Arya Samaj based on this one principle, looking at Hinduism as a whole he rejected all the â€Å"falsehood† and created an body who believed in all the good in Hinduism. Swami Dayananda studied believed in the Vedic scriptures. One such notion he believed in was Moksha. Moksha is the escape from the reincarnation cycle and to finally become one with God. But, I personally believe that reincarnation is not bad and have no desire to escape this cycle. Why would one not appreciate the life God has given us and instead escape life to be absorbed into the soul of the Divine Spirit? As Swami Dayananda proclaims Moksha â€Å"is not emancipation but death or annihilation†. Death and annihilation are not words that come with a good meaning. Not everyone should be influenced to reach Moksha but instead be grateful for and enjoy what God has given us. Education is the sector in which Swami Dayananda made the most progress. For one, he wanted the Veda Bhashya to be translated into English in order to pread the information contained in these scriptures to the Europeans. He also believed in equal education for all. At his point of time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often left to take upon simple maiden tasks. But he stated that this would cause â€Å"warfare in the house†. Women will also be wanted a s teachers in all girls’ school and knowledgeable enough to be involved in administrative affairs. In addition, Swami Dayananda urged teachers and their scholars not to give into corrupt acts that could prevent teaching or learning. I think he wanted to ensure that people and their actions were not what kept them from acquiring knowledge. I greatly support Swami Dayananda’s belief that marriage should be Swayamvara. He believes that a man and a women should â€Å"suit each other† before marriage so they will be happier. In addition, he condemns child marriage, which usually results in women becoming widowed at a young age. This is such a pervasive phenomenon that completely stopping child marriage has still not occurred in India. Instead he added another custom that women can remarry as long as they were not â€Å"consummated† in their first marriage. This allows women to live a normal married life later on. I hope this letter has given you some light on Dayananda Saraswati and his Arya Samaj principles. Read on about this great Indian leader, his principles are inspiring. Tanya Ramakrishna Paramahansa, from â€Å"A Source Book of Modern Hinduism† Ramakrishna Paramahansa was a famous follower of Bhakti traditions of 19th century India. He was born into a poor Brahmin Vaishnava family in a Bengal village where he devoted his life to â€Å"strenuous spiritual discipline† (Richards,63) to reach union with the Divine, whom for Ramakrishna was Kali. He became a priest of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata, the city where his portrait hangs on every corner. Ramakrishna understood that Hinduism is like a shoreless ocean but still has two main facets Bhakti and Jnana, methods to become union with the Divine. He had chosen the Bhakti path to reach full consciousness with his Divine Mother, Kali. But he does not narrow his view of religion and God to only Kali. I agree with Ramakrishna when he says that God comes in various forms and as one becomes more devoted to God they begin to understand the wholeness of God’s existence in this universe. When one sees Kali, the idol, with a naked eye they see black. But her color can be compared to the blue sky, as one approaches the sky they realize it has no color. Yet, the sky is nowhere and everywhere, just like Kali. So, as one comes closer to Kali you will see her without color. Indians believed that there once existed Asuras , demons, who were tall, dark skinned and out to harm. Kali is a goddess who absorbed the negative physical attributes of the Asuras, hence her dark colored skin, but on the inside is a goddess who embodies Shakti, empowerment and strength. In India, Kali is considered the most powerful women who kills all evil and absorbs their poison so others are void of it. She is a powerful female warrior, which goes against the stereotype that men are the ones who hold the strength and power to fight. Hinduism as a religion gives great power to women, unlike the society which strips women of their influence. I strongly support Ramakrishna’s perspective that â€Å"each religion is only a path leading to God† (Richard, 65). I admire the many rivers into one ocean analogy used to describe his idea of different religions but only one God. He was accepting of all other religions and believed â€Å"it is not good to feel that one’s religion alone is true and all others are false† (Richard, 65). One can see that equality was important to Ramakrishna whether it was through religion, the caste system or gender rules. He illustrated that by finding love for God, one’s mind, body and soul no longer belong as a part of the cast system. In addition, during Ramakrishna’s time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often demeaned. But his belief that women should be worshiped as â€Å"embodiments of the Divine Mother† (Richard, 73) severed this separation. I greatly admire Ramakrishna as he demonstrates his idea of ‘duties’ undertaken by people for name and fame, resulting in an individual’s ego. Duties that are made and carried out by one’s self is not as selfless as those completed as they are presented. Success from carrying out ‘duties’ is what creates a person’s ego. The ego makes people individuals and separates them into ‘you’ and ‘I’. But God sees everyone as one and wishes others would see the same. The only means by which all individuals can become one is by â€Å"going away from the world into solitude† (Richard, 69). This moves the individual away from the distractions of the Maya and allows one to concentrate on the inner self to develop the love of God. With the love of God and as part of one, they are no longer an individual ego. Mahatma Gandhi from â€Å"Gandhi’s Key Writings: In Search of Unity† Let me tell you about a man named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is known as Mahatma, meaning great soul, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 to a Vaishnava family. His mother and father were greatly religious people and influenced his perception of the world. However, growing up, he realized he was not a man of religion but of ethics. His interest in ethics drove him to study Law in London, England. With a background in Law, Mahatma Gandhi set out to create equality and morality amongst the people. His first attempt was in South Africa where he went to attain civil rights for the 62,000 Indians living there as laborers. At that time, Indians were not allowed to vote and were deprived of many other human rights. The civil rights movement lead by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa is where he found Satyagraha. Satyagraha as a theoretical principle was first introduced in Mahatma Gandhi’s book Hind Swaraj and he shows how he used this philosophical principle in South Africa through his book Satyagraha In South Africa. Satyagraha is a theory that â€Å"recognizes the universal possibility of goodness and virtue† (Suhrud,78). The original Gujurati title of Mahatma Gandhi’s book is Dakshin Africa Na Satyagraha No Itihas (Suhrud, 77) when translated into English it would read â€Å"A History of Satyagraha in South Africa†. However, Mahatma Gandhi had a strong stance between the words ‘Itihas’ and ‘History’, even though they can be considered direct translations of each other. He believed that Itihas in English means ‘it’s so happened’ as opposed to ‘history’ because for him history is associated with a past filled with wars and hatred. This is a glimpse of how Mahatma Gandhi coined the term Satyagraha as a â€Å"soul force† that is completely void of violence. (Suhrud, 77) Satyagraha’s meaning has many faces and the theory itself comes along with many values, but the real meaning of Satyagraha is â€Å"holding on to truth†. According to Mahatma Gandhi this meaning should insinuate love and firmness, bringing about non-violence. This is a separate term from passive resistance, because the latter is still considered a weapon using violence. In fact, one of the principles of Satyagraha is ‘Ahimsa’ meaning non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha struggle in South Africa with a series of non-violent protests. One such act was the burning of registration certificates at a community bonfire. This bonfire was an act of defiance against the Asiatic Registration Act of 1907. The means by which Gandhi took a stance against the act broke the law, hence he took the corresponding punishment i. e. multiple blows to the head. As a Satyagrahi, Gandhi did not respond to the violent punishment but instead attempted to get back on his feet and continue burning the registration certificates. Due to Gandhi’s persistence, he was thrown in jail for not succumbing to the police. This is one brutal example of how Mahatma Gandhi implemented Satyagraha in South Africa. Mahatma Gandhi believed that morals and ethics were essential in order to create unity amongst societies and the people within them. From moral and ethics he derived a dogma known as Satyagraha whose core values are truth and ahimsa. Mahatma Gandhi adopted this attitude and applied it in any of his rebellious acts in South Africa. This was an astute strategy he created, so regardless of his actions that stood against the power, he was still ethically correct, making it more difficult for the authorities to bring him down. In this manner, Mahatma Gandhi attained civil rights for the Indians in South Africa.