Two separate survey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two separate survey - Research Paper Example For the most part, the participants are grouped together under a focus group, after having been selected from a previous quantitative survey. The major shortcoming of hybrid survey compared to mail surveys is that, it is more expensive. This is manly due to the fact that, hybrid survey involves a lot of coordination and organization, and hence requires quite a considerable amount of resources to administer. Furthermore, hybrid surveys require extensive time period for implementation. However, this form of survey is able to enhance quality than mail survey design, since it has a higher response rate, coupled with a superior response quality and validity (Ritter, 2007). For instance Wal-Mart conducts an initial online survey for most of its customers who log in to their survey portal. Subsequently, based on the answers they obtain from the participants, the company sends email and phone requests for them to participate in another structured survey. The initial survey is deliberated to obtain the participants feedback, concerning their latest shopping experience. The goal for Wal-Mart is to avoid repetition (Wal-Mart, 2011). Mail survey is a data collection technique, whereby respondents fill questionnaires in paper format and return them through mail (Zikmund & Babin, 2006). Mail surveys unlike hybrid online surveys, are not that expensive to manage. Furthermore, the same questionnaires are able to be sent to a wide number of individuals, and they are able to complete at their own expediency. However, it has the shortcoming whereby the response rates are regularly very low, especially when it comes to asking for comprehensive written responses. Notably, all entries are postmarked, and added to subsequent monthly entries (UPS, 2012). Then information and answers provided in the online surveys is used by Wal-Mart to assess and come up with possible changes that are conducive

Hinduism Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Research Paper Essay For me, the process of reading this section and sorting the confusion of thoughts thereafter enough to write about, involved several attempts to reading, writing and letting it go. As I read through this section with much anticipation, I found myself struggling to capture the essence of the writings of Kant, Weber, Marx, Hegel and others. After numerous readings, I realised that I was reading about modernity through the perspective of western philosophical writers and social thinkers. My eastern heritage and western education had somehow missed adequate information on both Hinduism and a balanced approach to modernity. As I read the writings of Smith, shortly after the first page, the expectation of deepening my understanding of Hinduism was pushed to the back burner and I received an education on western philosophical and social thought. That was disappointing because I had hoped to learn more about Hinduism and its place in the modern day. My expectation was that somehow the author would reconcile so called rational theorisations (that I too am very attached to) and the in-explainable Hindu concepts that I was familiar with. Unfortunately, other than seeing shadows of faith based thinking in Hegel, the section on Hinduism and modernity abruptly ends with little or no understanding on Hinduism and the assortment of modern day theorists do not bridge the intellectual divide between the two concepts. A couple of days after reading this section and failing to write any thoughts, I suddenly realised another obstacle in my thinking. When I lived in India, amidst the Indian culture, I had come to accept Hinduism as the â€Å"modern† religion as opposed to Christianity or Islam. The basis of this label was that Hinduism lacked a book or structured definitions and paid no attention to conversion of others to Hinduism. As an organised religion, it was wonderfully ambiguous, largely spiritual and open to individual expression. It was okay to discard rituals or practices that did not my approval. That essence of Hinduism that I carried from my stay in India was a sharp contrast to the author’s perspective of Hinduism being the example of a â€Å"traditional† religion, and perhaps a far cry from modernity. My personal thought is that Hinduism, like philosophical or social theory has over the last 2000 plus years been defined by male dominated patriarchal societies. Like the cream on homemade Indian yogurt, that layer needs to be peeled away to study the essence of Hinduism or modernity and understand the closeness they share. European Discovery of Hinduism from â€Å"Hinduism and Modernity† The European discovery of Hinduism spans a period from the 15th century when the ports of Goa opened up for the Portuguese traders to the 18th century when the British begin to live in India and acculturate themselves with some of the Indian traditions. In these three hundred years, India seemed to change from an isolated country hidden from the world, to a country that could no longer hide its spices, its riches and its culture. Sadly though, the discovery of Hinduism for non Indians did not have a clear theoretical base, and was dependant on a largely oral and abstractly written sparse Hindu religious/cultural history, during a time when the Indian society was not open to sharing with the outside world. As a result, the accounts of Hinduism written by visitors depicted the Hindu religion as grotesque or insipid, by European writers who travelled to India and experienced the culture from their biblical eyes. The practice of sati, the deification of kings, the extreme deprivation of Brahmans and the overly sexualised art altogether presented a confusing picture that could not be corrected, because the language of India was not understood by the Europeans. To their sensibilities, the ways of the Indians were horrifying to say the least. The Europeans in India, who could have had the opportunity to experience the Hindu culture first hand, also were kept at the fringes by the Indians, as per the writings of Bentinck in 1807. It seemed as though their (European) â€Å"needs† and â€Å"business† were â€Å"taken care† for them, without them disturbing the hierarchy and the dictates of the local culture. At this point, it seems as though the hierarchical society in India was interchangeably used to represent the Hindu religion. There seemed to be very little understanding of the Hindu religion apart from the social structure, with the teachings of he religion being a closely guarded secret, by the priests and the wealthy. The fact that that Indians were not open to foreigners examining their religion is evident from Bernier’s writings. Bernier’s base of atomism of Gassendi could have led to a productive exchange between the European and Indian culture, however, it seemed as if he gave u p because he could not visualise a coherent Hindu cosmological theory and the â€Å"pundit† who was his only source of information, did not have enough skills to dialogue. There were sporadic writings through this time, for example by Abraham Roger, 1649, themed on â€Å"Paganism† that attempted to describe the Hindu culture of India, but at some point they tended to disintegrate into a judgemental dismissal of the body of knowledge that was very different to say the least. There always seemed to be enough examples to create caricatures and convince the western world, that India was not worthy of serious enquiry. All in all, from a modern day perspective, it seems that the Indians had created multiple layers to protect themselves from invaders, missionaries, scholars, traders all of them having an agenda to rip open the cultural centre and expose the vulnerability to the world. So it seems that visitors were kept at bay, given spices, gold, and sent on their way. The resistance also came from an established social structure and was maintained by those in power, for whom, it made sense to keep up the confusing and diffused aura, so they may profit as the privileged few who understood both sides. Marx and Weber’s writings in the 19th century are also historical sources of information on this time, although Marx did not write anything that helped the world understand Hinduism. Webers’s writings did contain some key concepts which were central to the Hindus, such as â€Å"Samskaras† or â€Å"Karma† but also contained some extreme views which were more true of Webers’ own personal struggles and growth. It was not until the late 18th century, under the colonial rule by the British, that Indians met westerners as friends, who wanted to understand or join the Indian culture, without an agenda. Around that time, Indians within India had also begun to look beyond their borders and the environment seemed ready for cultural exchange. The exchanges thereafter where both the Indian and the British culture absorbed elements from each other created an environment where a genuine interest could sustain and studies could be done. Dayananda Saraswati from â€Å"A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism† Dear Sikander Bhaiya, I came across something interesting and wanted to share it with you. I’m taking a class in Hinduism, about 10,000 miles away from home, and learning about Dayananda Saraswati, who as it turns out, is the founder of our Arya Samaj sect. You may recognize the Arja Samaj nurseries near our house, well here is some information behind the teachings at these schools. As my professor says, Swami Dayananda was born into a Brahmin family in 19th century India. But one point you should know is that his real name is Mool Shankar and he was born in Gujrat. He found the Arya Samaj, meaning cultural organization, after an impacting event during the night of Shivratri. When mice ran all over Shiva and ate the offerings given to him, he could not understand why the idol could not defend himself from a mouse. Then, after the death of his sister from cholera, he no longer believed and degraded idol worship. That is when he created the Arya Samaj movement for people who do not believe in idol worship. Nevertheless, Swami Dayananda did not form the Arya Samaj based on this one principle, looking at Hinduism as a whole he rejected all the â€Å"falsehood† and created an body who believed in all the good in Hinduism. Swami Dayananda studied believed in the Vedic scriptures. One such notion he believed in was Moksha. Moksha is the escape from the reincarnation cycle and to finally become one with God. But, I personally believe that reincarnation is not bad and have no desire to escape this cycle. Why would one not appreciate the life God has given us and instead escape life to be absorbed into the soul of the Divine Spirit? As Swami Dayananda proclaims Moksha â€Å"is not emancipation but death or annihilation†. Death and annihilation are not words that come with a good meaning. Not everyone should be influenced to reach Moksha but instead be grateful for and enjoy what God has given us. Education is the sector in which Swami Dayananda made the most progress. For one, he wanted the Veda Bhashya to be translated into English in order to pread the information contained in these scriptures to the Europeans. He also believed in equal education for all. At his point of time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often left to take upon simple maiden tasks. But he stated that this would cause â€Å"warfare in the house†. Women will also be wanted a s teachers in all girls’ school and knowledgeable enough to be involved in administrative affairs. In addition, Swami Dayananda urged teachers and their scholars not to give into corrupt acts that could prevent teaching or learning. I think he wanted to ensure that people and their actions were not what kept them from acquiring knowledge. I greatly support Swami Dayananda’s belief that marriage should be Swayamvara. He believes that a man and a women should â€Å"suit each other† before marriage so they will be happier. In addition, he condemns child marriage, which usually results in women becoming widowed at a young age. This is such a pervasive phenomenon that completely stopping child marriage has still not occurred in India. Instead he added another custom that women can remarry as long as they were not â€Å"consummated† in their first marriage. This allows women to live a normal married life later on. I hope this letter has given you some light on Dayananda Saraswati and his Arya Samaj principles. Read on about this great Indian leader, his principles are inspiring. Tanya Ramakrishna Paramahansa, from â€Å"A Source Book of Modern Hinduism† Ramakrishna Paramahansa was a famous follower of Bhakti traditions of 19th century India. He was born into a poor Brahmin Vaishnava family in a Bengal village where he devoted his life to â€Å"strenuous spiritual discipline† (Richards,63) to reach union with the Divine, whom for Ramakrishna was Kali. He became a priest of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple near Kolkata, the city where his portrait hangs on every corner. Ramakrishna understood that Hinduism is like a shoreless ocean but still has two main facets Bhakti and Jnana, methods to become union with the Divine. He had chosen the Bhakti path to reach full consciousness with his Divine Mother, Kali. But he does not narrow his view of religion and God to only Kali. I agree with Ramakrishna when he says that God comes in various forms and as one becomes more devoted to God they begin to understand the wholeness of God’s existence in this universe. When one sees Kali, the idol, with a naked eye they see black. But her color can be compared to the blue sky, as one approaches the sky they realize it has no color. Yet, the sky is nowhere and everywhere, just like Kali. So, as one comes closer to Kali you will see her without color. Indians believed that there once existed Asuras , demons, who were tall, dark skinned and out to harm. Kali is a goddess who absorbed the negative physical attributes of the Asuras, hence her dark colored skin, but on the inside is a goddess who embodies Shakti, empowerment and strength. In India, Kali is considered the most powerful women who kills all evil and absorbs their poison so others are void of it. She is a powerful female warrior, which goes against the stereotype that men are the ones who hold the strength and power to fight. Hinduism as a religion gives great power to women, unlike the society which strips women of their influence. I strongly support Ramakrishna’s perspective that â€Å"each religion is only a path leading to God† (Richard, 65). I admire the many rivers into one ocean analogy used to describe his idea of different religions but only one God. He was accepting of all other religions and believed â€Å"it is not good to feel that one’s religion alone is true and all others are false† (Richard, 65). One can see that equality was important to Ramakrishna whether it was through religion, the caste system or gender rules. He illustrated that by finding love for God, one’s mind, body and soul no longer belong as a part of the cast system. In addition, during Ramakrishna’s time in history women were not given the same rights as men and were often demeaned. But his belief that women should be worshiped as â€Å"embodiments of the Divine Mother† (Richard, 73) severed this separation. I greatly admire Ramakrishna as he demonstrates his idea of ‘duties’ undertaken by people for name and fame, resulting in an individual’s ego. Duties that are made and carried out by one’s self is not as selfless as those completed as they are presented. Success from carrying out ‘duties’ is what creates a person’s ego. The ego makes people individuals and separates them into ‘you’ and ‘I’. But God sees everyone as one and wishes others would see the same. The only means by which all individuals can become one is by â€Å"going away from the world into solitude† (Richard, 69). This moves the individual away from the distractions of the Maya and allows one to concentrate on the inner self to develop the love of God. With the love of God and as part of one, they are no longer an individual ego. Mahatma Gandhi from â€Å"Gandhi’s Key Writings: In Search of Unity† Let me tell you about a man named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is known as Mahatma, meaning great soul, Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 to a Vaishnava family. His mother and father were greatly religious people and influenced his perception of the world. However, growing up, he realized he was not a man of religion but of ethics. His interest in ethics drove him to study Law in London, England. With a background in Law, Mahatma Gandhi set out to create equality and morality amongst the people. His first attempt was in South Africa where he went to attain civil rights for the 62,000 Indians living there as laborers. At that time, Indians were not allowed to vote and were deprived of many other human rights. The civil rights movement lead by Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa is where he found Satyagraha. Satyagraha as a theoretical principle was first introduced in Mahatma Gandhi’s book Hind Swaraj and he shows how he used this philosophical principle in South Africa through his book Satyagraha In South Africa. Satyagraha is a theory that â€Å"recognizes the universal possibility of goodness and virtue† (Suhrud,78). The original Gujurati title of Mahatma Gandhi’s book is Dakshin Africa Na Satyagraha No Itihas (Suhrud, 77) when translated into English it would read â€Å"A History of Satyagraha in South Africa†. However, Mahatma Gandhi had a strong stance between the words ‘Itihas’ and ‘History’, even though they can be considered direct translations of each other. He believed that Itihas in English means ‘it’s so happened’ as opposed to ‘history’ because for him history is associated with a past filled with wars and hatred. This is a glimpse of how Mahatma Gandhi coined the term Satyagraha as a â€Å"soul force† that is completely void of violence. (Suhrud, 77) Satyagraha’s meaning has many faces and the theory itself comes along with many values, but the real meaning of Satyagraha is â€Å"holding on to truth†. According to Mahatma Gandhi this meaning should insinuate love and firmness, bringing about non-violence. This is a separate term from passive resistance, because the latter is still considered a weapon using violence. In fact, one of the principles of Satyagraha is ‘Ahimsa’ meaning non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha struggle in South Africa with a series of non-violent protests. One such act was the burning of registration certificates at a community bonfire. This bonfire was an act of defiance against the Asiatic Registration Act of 1907. The means by which Gandhi took a stance against the act broke the law, hence he took the corresponding punishment i. e. multiple blows to the head. As a Satyagrahi, Gandhi did not respond to the violent punishment but instead attempted to get back on his feet and continue burning the registration certificates. Due to Gandhi’s persistence, he was thrown in jail for not succumbing to the police. This is one brutal example of how Mahatma Gandhi implemented Satyagraha in South Africa. Mahatma Gandhi believed that morals and ethics were essential in order to create unity amongst societies and the people within them. From moral and ethics he derived a dogma known as Satyagraha whose core values are truth and ahimsa. Mahatma Gandhi adopted this attitude and applied it in any of his rebellious acts in South Africa. This was an astute strategy he created, so regardless of his actions that stood against the power, he was still ethically correct, making it more difficult for the authorities to bring him down. In this manner, Mahatma Gandhi attained civil rights for the Indians in South Africa.

A Chioce Made Easy Essay -- essays research papers fc

A Choice Made Easy Choosing educational software for children is certainly not an easy task. Because so many options are available, it is easy to be overwhelmed by all the vividly colored packages, the intriguing characters, and fantastic claims of academic enhancements. How in the world does one actually choose? Fortunately, all is not lost. A software package is available, which truly encompasses those qualities, and does so without assaulting the purchaser’s pocketbook. My Personal Tutor by Microsoft, is a budget sensitive, educational enhancement package for childaren, with exciting graphics and an incredible academic framework. For this reason, a recent review of this program stated that â€Å"Microsoft has made a great contribution to children’s learning† (Dr. Toy). In fact, My Personal Tutor is the best choice of children’s educational software.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The activities in My Personal Tutor facilitate learning in vital academic disciplines. Because of the technological advancement of our society, today’s students require more strength in critical thinking, reading, and math skills than ever before. This three CD set is dedicated to enhancing skills in those areas. For example, in Turru’s Sea Quest, the student further develops thinking skills in order to advance through the game format. By solving unfinished sentences, analyzing and completing number or shape patterns, challenging memory with matching, and matching analog compared to digital time, the child assists Captain Scratch in setting free the endangered sea creatures. In another CD, Sam’s Hide & Seek, the child strengthens reading skills in a virtual museum, with six separate rooms where the child plays interactive word games or reads stories in order to help Sam find his friends. However, the word games are not simple mindless entertai nment. For instance, by solving incomplete sentences a story emerges. During this process, an amusing, vividly colored picture is painted depicting the story the child is creating. In another challenging exercise, the student reads stories and answers questions relating to the story content in order to gain points, thereby fostering comprehension. Finally, in a third CD, the child’s world becomes an incredible space station where the goal is to help a new friend, Spy, capture alien stowaways. In Spy’s Space Station, traditional math of the p... ...osoft is the best choice of children’s educational enhancement software. Works Cited Dr. Toy’s 100 Best Children’s Products for 1998. San Francisco, CA. 1999. Microsoft Kids Page. Redmond, WA. November 17, 1998. Outline Thesis: My Personal Tutor is the best choice of children’s educational software. I. The activities in My Personal Tutor facilitate learning in vital academic disciplines. A. In Turru’s Sea Quest, the student further develops thinking skills. B. In Sam’s Hide & Seek, the child strengthens reading skills. C. In Sky’s Space Station, traditional math is transformed into exciting activities. II. Through well-designed game objectives, My personal Tutor generates long term interest. A. All the activities are designed as a means to an end. B. The goals are met methodically through a sense of teamwork C. The interactive characters are encouraging throughout the challenge. III. Parents can feel confident that the purchase of this set is a cost- effective enhancement to the child’s education, as well as an excellent source of reinforcement for vital social skills. A. The price is only $14.95 after the rebate. B. My Personal Tutor is not limited to academics only.

Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline Essay

                  Affirmative action is a policy that is aimed at providing positive measures to remedy effects of past discrimination against members of certain groups (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.2). One of the areas that suffer underrepresentation of the diverse, underrepresented individuals and minority group in colleges is the laws schools and subsequently in the legal profession. The questioned posed is â€Å"Is affirmative action the best solution to alleviating this crisis or is it the major cause together with other practices that have contributed to these underrepresentation?                     First of all is the admission procedure. Admission selection considers those with a bachelor’s degree for an accredited university or college. Few underrepresented minority students are able to attend college and obtain the relevant qualifications. Moreover, there are disparities in number of applicants and the number who get enrolled. For example in 2000, 74500 individuals submitted their application to ABA- approved school and an estimate of 67% of the total were admitted (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 4). This illustrates a flaw in the acceptance procedure that focus on higher merit in which its well document trend that underrepresented minorities score less on the Law Schools Admission Test (LSAT).                   Secondly the individual state bar exams are a severe impediment. â€Å"While the LSAT remains a reliable predictor of success in law school and the Law School Admission Council (makers of the LSAT), warn against over-reliance on numerical qualifiers alone† (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 5). Raised cut off points detriment the minorities who are disproportionately at the bottom in addition the bars are also misapplied. The percentage of residents in a state should have a proportionate percentage at the law school. The lack of a national bar does also contribute to this issue.                      The above two examples illustrate why affirmative action is needed in leveling admissions. Higher merit and higher cut off points are serving to lock out minority groups from accessing law education. In coming up with a criteria for selection, the selection board should put into consideration performance of minority groups which is at the lower end of the spectrum.                   Terry Eastland suggests that affirmative action promotes discrimination. He argues that there is nothing like positive or negative discrimination. In Higher education for example, when the institution sets a lower grade for color students, the act in itself creates discrimination. These groups of students who will be enrolled under affirmative action are well aware that they are in that position due to their race. It is a negative experience that is not easy to erase. Sometimes attitudes from the majority students will affect the students from the minority. The majority students may not look at the minority as equals.                   Affirmative action leads to stigma. Eastland says that very few people are aware of the abilities and potential of the marginalized groups. In this case they are likely to be less respected and less valued. This can end up psychologically affecting these groups and it can be worsened if they fail to perform. Terry end believes that an environment should an equal working basis. If students have to be enrolled for higher education, it should be based on merit and not race. This will create an equal working environment of mutual relationship.                  Furthermore, Eastland equates ‘Affirmative action’ to ‘lower standards’. The rationale of having a policy that sets asides positions after a normal criterion creates a barrier between quality and less quality. By having this policy, institutions are accepting that results posted from minority groups are of lesser quality and lesser magnitude to that from the majority. Policy makers argue that the minority are affected by certain factors that make them not to equal results of the majority. It then beats logic that it would be easier resolving factors that make minority perform lesser than providing a criterion that guarantee certain results.                  Terry Eastland comments and views in regard to affirmative action tend to disapprove use of affirmative action against underrepresentation based on color. His views do not factor underrepresentation due to gender. However the logic behind his reasons and those of other scholars can equally be equated to affirmative action on gender and sex segregation                  Gender affirmative actions have shown to improve the status of women in the society. In fact advocates for gender affirmative actions have sprung from various women activists and organizations. Women have gained access to representations in legislative organs, various courses in colleges that stereotypically were set for men. However it is urged that continuous paying attention to a group of people will result in then differences becoming more salient than the commonalities among people (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.11). This statement thus emphasizes Terry Eastland’s arguments against affirmative action.                To conclude, the benefits of affirmative action are actually visible. Moving forward however, the fundamental principles of affirmative action seem to have been overtaken with time. Putting into consideration Terry Eastland arguments in regard to affirmative action, the negatives of affirmative action outweigh the positives. Affirmative action has led to lower productivity, increased segregation and stigmatization. The call to end affirmative actions thus is justified. References Clayton, Susan D, and Faye J. Crosby. Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. Ann Arbor, Mich: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1992. Print. Law Schools Admission Council. Pre Conference Report (2005) Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/op/pipelineconf/PipelinePostReport.authcheckdam.pdf Source document

Nature-Versus-Nurture Discussion

Annie Murphy Paul’s article `Kid stuff: Do parents really matter?` outlines the findings of a highly controversial study on the role of nature and nurture in children’s education. The article states that a group of researchers from George Washington University and the Institute of Psychiatry in London have found that the role of parents is in fact much smaller than originally thought. The destiny of a child depends on the genetic makeup that in turn evokes responses from the environment. Parental influences can have little effect on the child’s temperament. The type of temperament (sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic, or their combination) is inborn and does not allow of serious later influences. Parents can shape the child’s character, instilling certain cultural values and norms, but they can hardly be expected to a serious influence on the temperament. Related essay: Nature or Nurture: The Case of the Boy Who Became a Girl Answers Overall, the study covered in Annie Murphy Paul’s article (1998) attributes more importance to the so-called â€Å"evocative gene-environment correlations†. She states that these correlations include responses from the environment to a certain genetic composition. This means that a person is in a way â€Å"asking† for destiny, using the pre-determined factors to trigger an environmental reaction. Parents under such a perspective only have influence inasmuch they are prompting this reaction, and in the degree their responses can define a child’s development. In this respect, it would be interesting to consider parental influences on adopted children. In such families, the genetic makeup of parents and kids is completely unrelated, and the effect of genetics could be even greater. The role of parents in any case can consist in mitigating the negative manifestations of the child’s genetic heritage. The more parents can learn about the child’s genetics, the better they can be prepared to develop the child in the right way. Reference Paul, A.M. (1998, February). Kid stuff: Do parents really matter? Psychology Today 31(1), pp. 46-51.   

Living with Domestic Violence Essay Example

Living with Domestic Violence Essay Example Living with Domestic Violence Essay Living with Domestic Violence Essay Name Surname: Mehmet Tamer Ozdil Instructor’s Name: Nilgun Eker ING 102 CRN 30052 Date: July 19, 2011 Living With Domestic Violence Domestic Violence is an epidemic in societies with dramatic, negative effects on individual, families and communities. It has many different names such as family violence, battering, wife beating, and domestic abuse. All these terms refer to same thing , abuse by marital, common law or dating partner in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence is not limited to physical beating. It is any behaviour that is intended to the use of humiliation, fear nd physical or verbal assault. There are many reasons of domestic violence such as poverty, hardship and unemployement. But whatever the reasons are domestic violence has important effects on children, women and future families. First of all, domestic violence directly affect on children with most important effects. Children who witness regular acts of violence have greater emotional and behavioural pr oblems than the other children. Even very young children can be completely frightened and affected. Some of the current effects may include nightmares, anxiety, withdrawal and bedwetting. According to Clara Harlow’s studies (in the article â€Å"This Day Forward† , 2000) boys who live with family violence have extremely dangerous attitude such as aggressive and disruptive. The same studies indicate that girls exposed to family violence aim to withdraw and girls not exposed have more active behaviour than the others (2000). Secondly, family violence has many negative effects on women. One of these effects is psychological. Battered women experience increased levels of deppression, lower self-esteem and higher levels of psychological distress when compared with nonbattered women. The most severe effects of deppression is suicide attempts. As Flitcroft and Stark stated. Twenty- six percent of women taken hospitals because of suicide attempts had appareantly been ill- treated (1999). The women who are beaten by their partners have also social and physical problems such as loss of opportunity, isolation from society especially family friends, loss of income or work and it has long term impact on financial security and career. They may have poor health and physical injury. If they are pregnant, they may miscarry or the baby may be stillborn. As a result of this problems, women probably became drug or alcohol addicts. Finally, the continuity of violence at home makes domestic violence a part of future families. In a family , children typically follow their parents because they want to learn what life is and when they became adult, they usually behave in the same way their parents did. Children growing up seeing violence, have a great risk of troubled relationships in the years ahead. The possibility of experiencing violence and abuse in relationships which will be established in the future is higher than the children not exposed to family violence. Researches show that many of fathers in families which fell apart had domestic violence when they are child. It can be understood from this statical, domestic violence repeatedly happen in future families. In conclusion, domestic violence may be the biggest problem in today’s world. Economic conditions and unemployement are two of the reasons of domestic violence, but it has many negative effects which is more important then the reasons on children , women and future families. Violence cannot be stopped completely but it is possible to decrease the rate of domestic violence in many ways. People should be educated about family violence. This can be most effectiveby educating young people to help them understand that violence is never an acceptable behaviour. Communities should be encouraged to establish centers for domestic violence and there must be some entertainments, musics and jokes that might trivialize domestic violence. Original Sentences *studies indicae that boys exposed to family violence tend to be overly aggressive and disruptive. *studies shows that girls who are exposed to family violence tend to withdraw and behave more passively than girls not exposed to violence

Stanislavski Essay essays

Stanislavski Essay essays Constantin Stanislavski (1863-1938) was born into a wealthy Russian family who took part in the acting scene. Stanislavski was then shown the ropes at an early age when he joined a family friends theatre group. Stanislavski was an renowned practitioner of the naturalist school of thought. He developed the Stanislavski System other wise known as The Method. The most fundamental principle of Stanislavski's teaching is that the actor must live the life of the character that he is portraying, he must learn to think like the character and behave like the character, to become the character both physically and mentally. This, he believed, is the only way to achieve total realism. The actor must also extend this exercise of imagination to include the costumes that he wears, the articles that are in the set and the props that are used. If there is a prop then he must invent a history of where it was bought, by who and how it has come to be in this particular location, therefore completing the imaginary world which will then contribute to his performance In addition, to achieve this Stanislavski said, "the actor must first of all believe in everything that takes place onstage, and most all, he must believe what he is doing. To give substance to his ideas, Stanislavski studied how people act in everyday life and how they communicated feelings and emotions; and then he found a way to portray the same things onstage. He developed a series of exercises and techniques for the performer which had the following aims: 1) To make the outward behavior of the performer - gestures, voice, and the rhythm of movements- natural and convincing. 2) To have the actor or actress convey the goals and objectives-the inner needs of a character. 3) Even if all the visible signs of a character are mastered, a performance will appear superficial and mechanical without a deep sense of conviction and belief. 4) To make the ...

Short Block vs. Long Block vs. Crate Engines

Short Block vs. Long Block vs. Crate Engines The engine in a typical car should last a few hundred thousand miles, and some have hit even a million miles, depending on maintenance. However, manufacturing inconsistencies, lack of maintenance, or other circumstances can dramatically shorten the life of an engine, sometimes in spectacular ways. If you need to replace a damaged engine or upgrade your engine, you have a few choices to make. Short block vs. long block vs. crate engines- which should you choose? Not everyone has the time and tools required to fully rebuild or assemble an engine. Malkovstock / Getty Images The basic difference between a short block vs. long block vs. crate engines is their level of assembly. Of course, you could build your own engine, piece by piece, if you have the tools and knowledge or have a friend with a machine shop. If you’re building a race car, that’s a good way to go, but you wouldn’t likely build an engine from scratch for your daily driver. To shorten your vehicle’s downtime and reduce the level of complexity, you might choose a crate engine, long block, or short block. Basic Differences At its most basic, the difference between short block, long block, and crate engines is that each is progressively more expensive but requires less time and expertise to install. We’ll cover some of these differences and similarities, as well as instances when you might choose one over the other. Depending on tools, expertise, and budget, you may spend more or less time rebuilding your engine. MS Phil Speck / USANG Short Block Engine A short block engine is essentially just the engine block with a few major components. A short block engine usually includes, preinstalled, a new crankshaft with bearings and caps, new connecting rods, and new pistons. When installing a short block, you’ll need a master gasket kit so you can transfer parts from your old engine to the new short block, such as cylinder heads, oil pump, oil pan, timing sprockets and pulleys, timing belt or chain, camshafts, and intake and exhaust manifolds, as well as sensors and actuators. Choose a short block if the bottom end is damaged but the top end (cylinder heads) is in good condition and you have the time to swap over all the parts. Long Block Engine Depending on who makes it, the long block usually includes the short block with the cylinder heads preinstalled, most likely including timing components and anything behind them, such as the oil pump and camshafts. When installing a long block, you’ll need to transfer some parts from your old engine, such as the intake and exhaust manifolds, and some of the sensors and actuators. Choose a long block engine if there’s damage in the bottom and top end. Crate Engine Depending on who makes it, crate engines can range from long block to complete, including the oil pan, cylinder heads, intake and exhaust manifolds, sensors and actuators, maybe even the engine main harness. We’re referring to a complete engine, which is a good idea for those looking for a drop-in solution to their engine problems. No parts are transferred to the new engine, aside from the alternator, air-conditioning compressor, and engine mounts, which significantly reduces the time to install. Choose a crate engine or complete engine when time is of the essence or the engine has suffered extensive failures. Crate engines can also be custom-ordered, the weapon of choice for many enthusiasts who want more power from their custom cars. These are the three main categories of new engines you can buy for the typical project, but not the only ones. You might also consider used junkyard engines or remanufactured engines. Junkyard Engine A junkyard engine might be a good choice for your vehicle project. Julien Grosjean / Getty Images A junkyard engine might be a good choice if you are looking to save money. These usually come complete, hopefully with intact wiring, though each facility does things differently. If you have an engine-savvy friend, they can help you inspect the engine before you buy it. You-pick junkyards will require that you remove the engine yourself, so you can take as much care as you want to save the parts you need the most. Choose a junkyard engine if budget is of primary concern, but be aware that it might not come with any warranty and might have already been abused or neglected. Remanufactured Engine These used engines may be available in differing levels of assembly, from short block to long block or complete. The difference between a remanufactured or rebuilt engine is that they’ve been overhauled or at least certified by engine experts. They’re used and may have varying levels of new parts, are usually more expensive than junkyard engines but less expensive than crate engines, and usually come with a warranty. Choose a remanufactured engine if you’re not planning on rebuilding it yourself. Here, an engine is either ready for disassembly or reinstallation. PIXNIO Choosing between these different engines if you must replace or rebuild an engine needn’t be overwhelming. Considering your expertise, available tools, and budget, not to mention existing damage, choose the engine that best meets your needs. Still wondering which is best? Ask an engine-savvy friend or a trusted mechanic.

Internal Control of Accounting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internal Control of Accounting System - Essay Example The propensity for loss is great irrespective of the nature of the fraudulent activity. Fraud threatens the stability of a business as it leads to significant financial losses. According to Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, employee theft accounts for 7% of typical businesses losses (Chorafas, 2001). Accounting professionals are the trusted advisors for business clients. It is upon the accountants to educate business clients about the risks associated with fraud, and the significance of good internal controls and how to implement internal controls. This paper discusses suggestions for overcoming the lack of segregation of duties that are often present in small businesses due to inadequate staff. The paper further explains the important role business owners and independent accountants play in creating a good internal control environment. The paper discusses red flags, which may be indications of fraud along with several reports that are helpful in monitoring and reviewing financial records (Vona, 2011). The accounting system offers businesses with a constant way in which to use their data and financial material. A system of control is essential as it controls the three key partitions within the accounting system. These segments include the design, analysis, and implementation. Internal control is a system within a system and it plays a major role in the success of the accounting system.  An accounting system controls businesses from fraud and abuse by ensuring that information employees relay timely and accurate information and that all the accounting processes meet set regulatory requirements. This paper discusses how internal controls are set and how the control system functions (Basingstoke, 2004).

Principles of Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Principles of Economics - Assignment Example The problem of alcohol abuse is not easily overcome because alcohol is highly addictive. In this case, if the alcohol abuser is an economist, he or she will consider many things that he or she would use to help him or her overcome the situation. They will look at the opportunity cost whereby they will consider buying those goods that are best for their health such as food other than alcohol that would cause a problem to his or her health (Mantzavinos 64). Additionally, they will use cost benefit analysis by viewing the benefits accrued from stopping the habit of alcohol consumption. In this case, the benefit of stopping consuming alcohol is higher than continuing with the habit (Porter 1998). For instance, there is wastage of money in purchasing alcohol. They would rather use the same money can be used to buy other important things. More so, they will consider rational behavior by assuming actions that are necessary when they stop consuming alcohol. Further, an economist would look at the market forces of demand and supply of alcohol in that they will analyze the level at which alcohol is supplied to the market and the price that alcohol come with. When the supply is not sufficient, they would prefer to stop drinking alcohol rather than continuing with the habit of looking for a commodity that is scarce and costly. More so, they will consider the level at which alcohol is demanded; therefore, they will analyze the possible outcomes o f many people drinking alcohol. The possible way to help alcohol abuser is to assist them to realize that they have alcohol consumption problem. Friends and family members can help make the abuser realize that alcohol drinking is affecting them in that they strained economically because the money that can be used to purchase basic commodity is used to buy alcohol. The abuser should be willing to look for assistance given that consumption of alcohol is dangerous to an individual’s health.

A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius Essay

A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius - Essay Example Although the book A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius touches upon a lot of serious problems (such as death, misfortune and children that stay without parents), there are critics that do not agree to the fact that Dave Eggers’s writing belongs to creative nonfiction (Forche 109). It is not very difficult to find out if it is so through analyzing the peculiarities of genre and style applied by the writer in A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius. It should be noted that the title of A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius is catching and interesting for the reader. It makes everyone think over its meaning and search for a certain signs that will help to explain why Dave Eggers has chosen this very title for his book. It is not very difficult to note that the title of the book ties into the book’s text. There are two arguments that can help to prove this point of view. The first one is the complexity of the situation described by the author. The protagonist (To ph) loses both mother and father because of illness. Dave is trying to represent two parents in one face for this child. It is practically impossible. One must be a real genius to do this. Dave’s attempts to bring up Toph are frequently heartbreaking. It is difficult for him to play the role of the child’s late parents. ... It is not better than the previous with his father and mother, but the catastrophe (that is death) helps Toph to look at the world from a quite new point of view. As for me, it is very difficult for unsophisticated reader to understand the meaning of the title, especially its symbolic nature. Everything becomes clear only when the reader takes a deeper look into Toph and Eggers’s souls and conduct. In any case, the title chosen by the author of A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius fully coincides with the context of the whole writing (128). Although it may seem unclear at a glance, it is impossible to create more relevant title for this splendid writing. It is not very difficult to figure out the genre of the book. It is sure to be memoir that belongs to creative nonfiction. A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius gives the information about Toph and Dave’s life after the death of Toph’s parents. The book has many extracts where the author portrays magazin e’s history. It was created by Dave and his friends. The extracts with the data about magazine may be considered to be unnecessary in the book, but they are also the sign that the writing belongs to creative nonfiction. A Staggering Work of Heartbreaking Genius consists of four hundred sixteen pages. This volume is normal for short biography. Nevertheless, there are critics that are sure that Dave omitted a lot of important details about the protagonist in his book. According to their point of view it would be better to shorten a number of information about the magazine and write more about Toph’s character, feelings and emotional experience. However, it is known that every reader expects something special to read after seeing the title of

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 4 - Essay Example Sign in to get into the classroom†. The student enters a login and selects an option from a drop down menu containing a list of subjects. Welcome to the year 2020, where students from all over the world take lessons together thanks to Internet. With new advancements in hypermedia and multimedia systems, students now can take lessons at their chosen time in a virtual classroom. They no longer need a teacher to take them through lessons as they learn independently, at their own pace, with technological assistance. Taking on the role of a trouble-shooter, a teacher steps in only when students encounter difficulties with a particular aspect of study. A learning activity in 2020 could very well be like this: A student clicks open a textbook and learn concepts through a variety of text, visual images and graphics. At the end of the chapter, a voice takes the student through a quick test, which has been designed by the teacher. The test will evaluate the student’s understanding and accordingly mark grades. In case of below-average grades, a link will direct the student to a â€Å"real† teacher who will then explain the concept through video conferencing. Thus a teacher operates behind the scenes and designs strategies instead of being a direct participant in the learning process. In such a scenario, advanced forms of Internet and the virtual reality systems form the dominating aspects in a learning process. The use of hypermedia and multimedia in project assignments will motivate students to study better and faster. Teachers, on the other hand, can keep a track of student’s progress by designing rubrics and other evaluation strategies. In a system where learning is more student-centric and students have the freedom to choose their subjects and pace, an assumption is made here that they are well equipped with the intelligence and the maturity to monitor their studies. This can be a hindrance in case of children with low levels of

Business informal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business informal report - Essay Example The society has experienced great loss to the fact that the museum presently does not have a section for Greek mythology. This is due to the fact that the foundation of modern society is mainly based on the Ancient Greek civilization (Dowden 46). The civilization includes Greek literature and mythology (Hard 131). A section on Greek mythology particularly Pelops should be opened. It is true from my analysis that the knowledge about the history of Greek help to realize the need for opening a section of the museum. With the knowledge in history about the Greek mythology the manager will be convinced that Greek mythology is important for the museum. The manager will be convinced that the Greek mythology and its traditions are relevant in today’s time (Dowden 48). Greek mythology at the museum can be presented by the case for Pelops (Edinger & Deborah 152). Many visitors will be interested to know much in Pelop’s life. The birth of Pelop, his apprenticeship to Poseidon, his being served to the gods by his father, his fatal curse, his love among others can be presented in the museum (Edinger & Deborah 153). One of my recommendations that I derived after the study is that the manager should undertake performance and plan for the development of the museum. Besides, the executive manager will regularly need ideas that will attract more visitors to the museum (Hard 129). The knowledgeable about history, geography and science equips individuals on the importance and ways of opening a section of the museum. The manager should also be attentive to suggestions that are put forward logically in order to develop fruitful ideas. Evidently, the creation of a section of the museum can be made possible when the executive manager take an action. The manager should gather more ideas and information on the various ways of creating up the section. I will be very happy to realize that the section

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 4 - Essay Example Sign in to get into the classroom†. The student enters a login and selects an option from a drop down menu containing a list of subjects. Welcome to the year 2020, where students from all over the world take lessons together thanks to Internet. With new advancements in hypermedia and multimedia systems, students now can take lessons at their chosen time in a virtual classroom. They no longer need a teacher to take them through lessons as they learn independently, at their own pace, with technological assistance. Taking on the role of a trouble-shooter, a teacher steps in only when students encounter difficulties with a particular aspect of study. A learning activity in 2020 could very well be like this: A student clicks open a textbook and learn concepts through a variety of text, visual images and graphics. At the end of the chapter, a voice takes the student through a quick test, which has been designed by the teacher. The test will evaluate the student’s understanding and accordingly mark grades. In case of below-average grades, a link will direct the student to a â€Å"real† teacher who will then explain the concept through video conferencing. Thus a teacher operates behind the scenes and designs strategies instead of being a direct participant in the learning process. In such a scenario, advanced forms of Internet and the virtual reality systems form the dominating aspects in a learning process. The use of hypermedia and multimedia in project assignments will motivate students to study better and faster. Teachers, on the other hand, can keep a track of student’s progress by designing rubrics and other evaluation strategies. In a system where learning is more student-centric and students have the freedom to choose their subjects and pace, an assumption is made here that they are well equipped with the intelligence and the maturity to monitor their studies. This can be a hindrance in case of children with low levels of

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Political Science - Essay Example ACH manages to avoid both human bias and analytical errors by integrating both cognitive psychology and scientific methods into its system of exploration. That notwithstanding, I hold the opinion that bringing on board other analysts when using ACH is more productive than when an analyst uses it alone. This is because having many analysts on board ensures that each situation is approached form a broad angle, thereby taking into consideration all the possible alternatives. The input of the other analysts will similarly be important in doing away with assumptions while collecting evidence against each alternative (Intelligence Reports 2013). The ideal result would be that the alternative with the least evidence against it would be accepted. Bringing on board several analysts would be challenging as handling numerous views may be mentally hectic, nonetheless, the process would be comprehensive and without pitfalls, notably because the alternatives will be competing against each other. Response to Tyler I harbor the same belief as you that the content that we have covered in this course will come in handy in ensuring that we become worldwide professionals in the field of intelligence. Taking a walk down memory lane, we all attest to the fact that intelligence has made significant strides. This is because the physical maps and marker pens that were the order of the day have been overtaken by the use of satellites and information technology (Hypothesis, 2008).

The character of Curleys Wife Essay Example for Free

The character of Curleys Wife Essay Steinbeck demonstrates Curley’s Wife as ‘unwanted’ when it comes to relationships. Curley’s Wife shares an unenthusiastic and loveless relationship with her husband. †You seen that glove on his left hand? Well, that gloves fulla Vaseline, Curley says hes keepin that hand soft for his wife† is a primary example of this. This quote personifies the fact that Curley only wants a sexual relationship with his wife, and uses her for intimate means only. Additionally, Curley’s Wife is not highly admired among the ranch workers. ‘Tart’ and ‘Jailbait’ are just two of the many words used by the ranch workers to describe Curley’s Wife. This means that they perceive her as trouble and they try to keep away from her. One of the most important relations anybody has is one with their own mother. Curley’s wife shares quite an unpleasant relationship with her mother. This words â€Å"I always thought my ol’ lady stole it†, are a vivid example of how Curley’s Wife had her dream to become an actress, overseen by her mother. The relationship between Curley’s Wife and George is quite similar to Curley’s Wife’s relationship with the other ranch workers. As soon as George sees Curley’s Wife for the first time, he straight away turns to Lennie and coldly says Jesus, what a tramp. These words concisely and efficiently explain the initial thoughts felt by George upon first look at Curley’s Wife. When George tells Lennie off for calling her â€Å"purty† he also illustrates his thoughts in a more influential way with the words; â€Å"Dont you even take a look at that bitch. I dont care what she says and what she does. I seen em poison before. † The words â€Å"bitch† and â€Å"poison†, clarify that George despises Curley’s Wife, probably more than anyone else on the ranch. Curley’s Wife and Crooks are two dissimilar yet comparable characters. They are comparable because both are isolated from other people, albeit for different reasons. Crooks is left isolated from fellow ranch workers due to racial differences, same for Curley’s Wife but because she is s woman. However, the portrayal of Crooks shows that he is an understanding and composed person, completely different to Curley’s Wife. The differences between these characters prove to be greater than first expected when Curley’s Wife tells Crooks â€Å"Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung upon a tree so easy it ain’t even funny. † These words indicate that Curley’s Wife is also in favour of using Crooks’ skin colour against him. Like the relationships shared by Curley’s Wife, with other ranch members, her relationship with Candy is not an appealing one. Having said this, both of these characters can once again relate to each other, through a sense of lonesomeness. Curley’s Wife and Candy definitely despise each other and this is visible through words such as â€Å"that bitch† and â€Å"you god damn tramp†, used by Candy, when talking about Curley’s Wife. John Steinbeck shows a key connection in the relationship between Curley’s Wife and Lennie. Curleys wife is a lot like Lennie in numerous ways; both are alone, controlled by those around them, not trusted because of what they are like and have dreams that they really wants to come true. We feel sorry for them because we can see that they desperately want to try and break free from the life they are caught up in, but George keeps Lennie behind, and Curley keeps his wife behind. They end up confiding in each other as the novel comes to an end. â€Å"Well, I ain’t told this to nobody before. Maybe I oughten to † When Curley’s Wife’s she says these words to Lennie in the barn, the reader realises that this is the first time Curley’s Wife has opened up to anyone. This results in the reader thinking that Curley’s Wife trusts Lennie. In conclusion, my opinion is that Curley’s Wife does seek attention; however this is only because she has been dispossessed of attention throughout her life. Her unwilling marriage to Curley, the fact that she could not accomplish her dream and her having a lack of friends and reverence made me feel regretful about my first impression of her. Steinbeck presents Curley’s Wife in an apathetic way which robustly influences the reader’s image of her. Nevertheless, as the novel reaches its end this negative feeling received by the reader soon changes into that of commiseration. Steinbeck has created a character for us to feel sympathetic towards. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder Introduction Respiratory disorders are the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality among children of all ages. The presentation may vary from trivial to life threatening symptoms. While a carefully conducted history and physical examination are vital for a correct diagnosis, various laboratory and radiological investigations aid in finally clinching the diagnosis. This chapter focuses on clinical assessment of the respiratory system in children. There is much overlap between the respiratory examination and that of other systems, and it is assumed that the reader has mastered basic physical examination skills. History The evaluation of a child with respiratory disorder should start with the history of present illness, significant past history, family history as well as antenatal and birth histories. The parent should be asked the chief complaint that prompted the consultation, along with the circumstances at onset, frequency, duration, and severity. History of prior treatment should be obtained. History of past illness will include all previous respiratory and other complaints. These include history of recurrent pneumonia (suggesting immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality, or bronchiectasis) known allergy and malnutrition. The family/ environmental history will provide information about history of contact or that suggestive of asthma in relatives, nutritional and financial status of the family, and history of exposure to allergens. Following are important clinical pointers in the history: Recurrent pneumonia: points towards immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality (gastroesophageal reflux), dysfunctional swallowing, or bronchiectasis. The child with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula repair is prone to tracheomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux–related disease. Atopy: eczema, atopic dermatitis, hay fever, or known allergies, may be important in the child with chronic cough or recalcitrant asthma. Failure to thrive, frequent infections, blood product transfusion, parental substance abuse, or poor growth may be a clue to an underlying immunodeficiency. History of contact with a case of tuberculosis Environmental history: exposure to dust due to construction in the house/neighbourhood, presence of pet animals or birds, exposure to smoke, either from tobacco use or use of wood for heating, cooking, or both. Associated complaints: Headache may be a sign of sinus disease or, especially if occurring in the early morning, a result of obstructive sleep apnea. Ocular symptoms such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis, as well as nasal symptoms, may indicate an atopic predisposition or in the young infant a chlamydial infection. Recurrent mouth ulcers or thrush can be associated with immunodeficiency, as may chronic or recurrent ear drainage. Poor feeding, edema, shortness of breath, and exercise tolerance can be clues to the presence of congestive heart failure. Stool characteristics, abdominal bloating, and fatty food intolerance are important features of cystic fibrosis. Neurologic symptoms such as seizures or developmental delay are important in evaluating the child with apparent life-threatening events or suspected chronic or recurrent aspiration. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A thorough general physical examination is extremely important in the approach to a child with respiratory disorder. Recording the anthropometry is as important as are the presence of cyanosis, pallor and clubbing. Use of accessory muscles of respiration may indicate severity of respiratory distress and intercostal recession may point towards airway obstruction and a non-compliant lung. Supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes should form part of the exanination routinely. Upper Airway An examination of the upper airway will indicate presence of nasal foreign body or infection, tonsillar enlargement, or narrowing of the glottis. The position of the trachea should be noted during examination of the neck. Deviation to one side may be seen with pneumothorax, neck mass, unilateral pulmonary agenesis or hypoplasia, or unilateral hyperinflation (as seen with foreign body or congenital cystic lung disorders). Chest Inspection Inspection forms the first component of chest examination. Presence or absence of any deformity should be noted, as should the general shape of the chest. A barrel chest (increased anteroposterior dimension) denotes obstructive lung disease. The severity of this deformity shows increased lung volumes (functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity, functional residual capacity/total lung capacity ratio, and residual volume/total lung capacity ratio) and is associated with radiographic findings of hyperinflation in children with poorly controlled asthma. Pectus carinatum (â€Å"pigeon breast†) or pectus excavatum (â€Å"funnel chest†) may be seen in patients who have chronically increased work of breathing, as in pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or poorly controlled asthma. The respiratory rate, preferably noted with the child at rest or asleep, is a very important indicator of pulmonary illness (though fever and metabolic acidosis can have an inc reased respiratory rate in the absence of pulmonary disease). Nasal flaring to reduce nasal resistance to airflow and the use of accessory muscles of respiration such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles indicates respiratory distress as do retractions or indrawing of the skin of the neck and chest. Respiratory distress may also be seen in children with neuromuscular disorders. An objective way of assessing the degree of dyspnea is asking the child to count and noting the highest number reached in a single breath. The respiratory pattern and depth may also point towards a particular pathology. Shallow and rapid respiration is seen in children with restrictive lung disease. Similarly, rapid and deep respiration (hyperpnea), can be seen in children with hypoxia and metabolic acidosis while alkalosis results in slow, shallow breaths. Hyperpnea alternating with apnea (Biots respiration) is associated with central nervous lesions involving the respiratory centers. Cheyne-Stokes respirations seen in comatose patients is marked by gradually increasing and decreasing respirations. Likewise, the relative length of the respiratory phases (the inspiratory/expiratory ratio) is important. As the inspiratory and expiratory phases are roughly equal, a prolonged expiration may indicate obstructive diseases such as bronchiolitis, acute exacerbations of asthma, and cystic fibrosis. While some abdominal breathing, is normal up to 6 or 7 years of age, conspicuous respirations of this type in a child, however, generally reflect a pulmonary abnormality such as pneumonia, or respiratory muscle weakness. Palpation: Although more generally thought of in terms of the abdominal examination, palpation is important in the respiratory examination as well. It is used to confirm the visual observations of chest wall shape and excursion. Palpation is performed by placing the entire hand on the chest and feeling with the palm and fingertips. Friction rubs may be felt as high-frequency vibrations in synchrony with the respiratory pattern. Tactile fremitus, the transmission of vibrations associated with vocalization, is at times difficult to assess in children because of a lack of cooperation and a higher-pitched voice; lower-pitched vocalization is more effectively transmitted. It is best felt with the palmar aspects of the metacarpal and phalangeal joints on the costal interspaces. Decreased fremitus suggests airway obstruction, pleural fluid, or pleural thickening, whereas increased fremitus is associated with parenchymal consolidation. Occasionally a â€Å"thud† can be felt high in the chest or in the neck, a finding suggestive of a free tracheal foreign body. One can also assess chest excursion by placing the hands with the fingertips anterior and thumbs posterior and noting the degree of chest wall movement, comparing excursion of one side with the other by noting the movement of the thumbs away from the midline (the spinous processes). The point of maximal impulse, frequently shifted to the left in cardiac disease, may be shifted inferiorly and to the right in severe asthma, a large left-sided pleural effusion, or a tension pneumothorax. With massive left-sided atelectasis, it may be shifted to the left. Percussion: Percussion should be performed with the child upright with the head in neutral position, and using the indirect method (a single finger from one hand strikes on a finger of the other hand placed on an interspace). A gentle force should be used so as to avoid causing injury, especially in a young child). Sounds commonly elicited by percussion of the chest are as follows: Tympany : Normally heard with percussion of the abdomen, is seen in the chest with a massive pneumothorax. Resonance: This is the normal state in the chest; it is sometimes called vesicular resonance. Hyperresonance: Accentuation of the normal percussion is seen with states of hyperinflation like emphysema, asthma, or free intrapleural air. Coin test: A resonant metallic sound heard with a stethoscope when tapping a coin that is held flat against the chest with another coin; it indicates a pneumothorax. Dullness: A flat, thud-like sound, this sound is associated with pleural fluid or parenchymal consolidation. Flatness: This sound can be mimicked by percussing over muscle; its presence in the chest suggests massive pleural effusion. Auscultation: Auscultation of the chest should be performed with the age appropriate stethoscope (with chest pieces for premature infants, infants, children, and adolescents/adults). The diaphragm of the chest piece (pressed tightly against the skin) is used to filter out low-pitched sounds, thereby isolating high-pitched sound, and the bell (held lightly on the chest) is used preferentially to isolate low-pitched sounds. The upper lobes are best heard by listening anteriorly in the infraclavicular regions, the lower lobes by listening posteriorly below the scapulae, and the right middle lobe and lingula by listening anteriorly lateral to the lower third of the sternum. All lobes can be heard in the axillae. It is also important to specify the timing (continuous, early, or late), pitch (high, medium, or low), and character (fine, medium, or coarse) of sounds. These sounds can be divided into breath sounds (produced by the movement of gas through the airways), voice sounds (modifi cations of phonation not heard distinctly in the normal state), and adventitious sounds (neither breath or voice sounds). Breath Sounds Vesicular breath sounds are the sounds heard during respiration in a healthy individual. They are low-pitched, with a relatively longer inspiratory phase and a shorter expiratory phase and are louder on inspiration. These sounds emanate from the lobar and segmental airways and are then transmitted through normal parenchyma. Bronchial breath sounds are usually louder than vesicular sounds and have short inspiratory and long expiratory phases. They are higher pitched and louder during expiration. They may be the result of consolidation or compression (i.e., airlessness) of the underlying parenchyma. A similar sound can be heard by listening directly over the trachea. Bronchovesicular breath sounds, as the name implies, are intermediate between vesicular and bronchial sounds. The respiratory phases are roughly equal in length. This sound is felt to be indicative of a lesser degree of consolidation or compression (airlessness) than bronchial sounds. Bronchovesicular (and sometimes bronchial) breath sounds can occasionally be heard in normal individuals in the auscultatory triangle (the area in the back bound by the lower border of the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the rhomboideus major muscles) and the right upper lobe. Wheezes are continuous musical sounds, more commonly expiratory in nature, and usually associated with short inspiratory and prolonged expiratory phases. They can be of single (monophonic) or multiple (polyphonic) pitches, which are higher pitched than vesicular sounds. These can often be very difficult to distinguish from snoring and upper airway sounds such as stridor. Stridor is a musical, monophonic, often high-pitched sound, usually thought of as inspiratory in nature; it can be expiratory as well, such as when produced by partial obstruction of a central, typically extrathoracic airway. Its presence in both inspiration and expiration suggests severe, fixed airway obstruction. Voice Sounds The normal lung parenchyma filters vocalization so that whispered sounds are not usually heard during auscultation and normally spoken syllables are indistinct. Bronchophony is the distinct transmission of spoken syllables as the result of an underlying consolidation or compression. More severe consolidation or compression results in the transmission of whispered sounds or whispered pectoriloquy. Egophony is very similar to bronchophony but has a nasal quality as well. It may reflect an underlying effusion, consolidation or compression, or both conditions. Adventitious Sounds Fine crackles are thought to be the result of the explosive reopening of alveoli that closed during the previous exhalations. These occur exclusively during inspiration and are associated with conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and atelectasis. They can also be normal when heard in the posterior lung bases during the first few breaths on awakening. They may be imitated by rolling several strands of hair between the thumb and forefinger in front of the ear or by pulling apart Velcro. Hamman’s sign, also called a mediastinal crunch, is the finding of crackles associated with systole and is suggestive of pneumomediastinum. Coarse crackles are popping sounds likely produced by the movement of thin fluids in bronchi or bronchioles. They occur early in inspiration and occasionally in expiration as well, may be audible at the mouth, and may clear or change pattern after a cough. They can sometimes be heard in the anterior lung bases during exhalation to residual volume. An example of these sounds is the crackles typically heard in patients with cystic fibrosis. Rhonchi (sometimes more descriptively called large airway sounds) are gurgling or bubbling sounds usually heard during exhalation. These sounds are the result of movement of fluid within larger airways. In individuals with pleural inflammation, a pleural friction rub may be heard. This loud, grating sound may come and go over a short period of time. It is usually associated with a subpleural parenchymal inflammatory process. OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Clubbing: Clubbing is the broadening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes that occur as the result of connective tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia and increased vascularity in the distal phalanges, in response to chronic hypoxia. It can be confirmed clinically by checking for Schamroth’s sign. Causes of clubbing are as follows: Bronchiectasis Severe pneumonia, lung abscess, or empyema Interstitial lung disease (autoimmune and infectious) Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation Hepatopulmonary syndrome Pulmonary malignancy Cyanotic congenital heart disease Bacterial endocarditis Inflammatory bowel disease Thyrotoxicosis Familial Cyanosis: The use of cyanosis as a clinical indicator of hypoxemia is confounded by a number of factors such as skin pigmentation, poor lighting, the presence of nail polish, or hypothermia. Cyanosis occurs when the concentration of reduced arterial hemoglobin exceeds 3 g/dL. Clinical impression of cyanosis should be verified by arterial blood gas analysis or pulse oximetry. Pulsus paradoxus: Pulsus paradoxus (fluctuation in systolic blood pressure with respiration) may sometimes be associated with obstructive pulmonary disease. The arterial pressure falls during inspiration and rises with exhalation. It is quantified as the difference between the systolic pressures measured during inspiration and expiration. Pulsus paradoxus is useful in evaluating children with cystic fibrosis and asthma, in which a value of more than 15 mm Hg has been found to INVESTIGATION:

William I :: essays research papers fc

Early Life William was born in 1027 in Falaise, France. His parents were Duke Robert I of Normandy and Arletta, a tanner’s daughter. William was illegitimate, he was also called â€Å"William the Bastard† and because of this he was an outcast. His father went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and left William as his successor with twelve barons to advise and take care of young William. When the news reached Normandy that his father was killed, violence broke out in the country. In 1047 William gained control of Normandy. He dealt with rebellion inside Normandy and became a very experienced and ruthless military commander. The people of Normandy liked to fight, when at peace William had to find a new place to conquer. William married Mathilda, daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. William had three reasons to be king of England: he was promised by Edward the Confessor, he was the closest relative to Harold II, and promised by Edwards brother in-law, Harold Goodwin, on his deathbed. But Harold became King of England. Battle of Hastings When William did not get the throne of England he held a council of war. He had a fleet of ships built in the port of Dives, building the boats took seven months. William was not the only person invading England, Norway had landed in northern England and Harold had rushed to defeat them. On September 28, 1066 William landed in Pevensey with no opposition except for the townspeople because Harold was in the north. Harold quickly moved his troops to the south of England The armies matched in size and Harold had the battlefield advantage but William had skillfully co-ordinate his armies, which Harold had not. The first assault by the Normans failed and a rumor had started that William had died. â€Å" The battle was close-fought: a chronicler described the Norman counter-attacks and the Saxon defense as 'one side attacking with all mobility, the other withstanding as though rooted to the soil'.† Harold died in The Battle of Hastings and lost the battle by and arrow shot through his eye. Historians say the reasons he lost are the battle were: â€Å"he was weaker because of perjury and moral lapses, his soldiers were tired from walk from London, they spent the night carousing instead of prayer, the solders were armed with stones and bill-hooks, and he needed horsemen and archers.† The Battle of Hasting became a battle of such significance because with this victory William won the battle and England.

Whaleship Essex

Book Review: In the heart of sea: the tragedy of the whaleship Essex, written by Nathaniel Philbrick, recounts the mystery surrounding the sinking of the whaleship Essex in the South Pacific. The ordeal of the whaleship Essex was an event as mythic in the nineteenth century as the sinking of the Titanic was in the twentieth. In 1819, the 238-ton Essex set sail from Nantucket on a routine voyage for whales. Fifteen months later, the unthinkable happened: in the farthest reaches of the South Pacific, the Essex was rammed and sunk by an enraged whale. Its twenty-man crew, fearing cannibals on the islands to the west, decided instead to sail their three tiny boats for the distant South American coast. They would eventually travel  over 4,500 miles. The next three months tested just how far humans could go in their battle against the sea as, one by one, they succumbed to hunger, thirst, disease and fear. This is not only a timeless account of the human spirit under extreme duress, but it is also a story about a community and about the kind of men and women who lived in the remote island of Nantucket. Philbrick uses little-known documents-including a long-lost account written by the ship's cabin boy-and penetrating details about whaling and the Nantucket community to reveal the chilling events surrounding this epic maritime disaster. An intense and mesmerizing read, In the Heart of the Sea is a monumental work of history forever placing the Essex tragedy in the center of historical American maritime disasters.

Personal Statement †Graduate Program/Social Work Essay

Since I was a child my passion was in education. If anyone asked me â€Å"what do you want to be when you grow up?† my response was always the same â€Å"a teacher.† I always had a strong sense of compassion and a strong desire to help people. I consider myself to be very well-rounded, sensitive and a good listener, I am happiest when I am working to help others. When I first started my path towards my bachelor’s degree in education, I knew I was well on my way to becoming a teacher, I was excited to know that my dream was finally coming true. Then one day during my last year at Montclair State University I took a class with Dr. Reid â€Å"Field Experience Family/Child Services† that focused on different social issues that affect society. When I heard Dr. Reid discuss various research projects that had been conducted on how children from low socioeconomic households and communities develop academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher socioe conomic groups, I knew that I wanted to affect change on a totally different level. During the course of that class we discussed how children’s academic skills are directly correlated with their home environment and under- resourced schools often located in lower economic communities. This was very apparent in the field work I did that semester at Straight and Narrow, Inc. located in Paterson New Jersey. This program helped families rebuild relationships after serving time in correctional facilities and/or rehabilitation programs. After that semester I was certain without a doubt that I was making the right decision of changing my major from teaching to social work. Although I have always been blessed in that I was raised by loving parents and have been surrounded by a healthy environment, I have always had and felt compassion for people who were not as fortunate as me. Whether the individual is a child, an elderly person, disabled or financially unstable person, I have always firmly believed that all people are created equal and as such should be treated the same no matter what their circumstances may be. I have always advocated and assisted people who do not have a voice, are scared or simply do not know where to ask for assistance. Everyone is entitled to be made aware of their rights and if they cannot speak for themselves, they deserve to be assisted by a knowledgeable and professional person who genuinely puts forth an effort to help reach his or her goals. I am saddened when I find out cases where various social services and or resolutions were available but  not used in order to assist a child and/or person in need to overcome their circumstances. I have worked in the social service field in one capacity or another for the past year and half, and have learned that in order to fix any type of problem in the community you must find the root of the problem. Therefore, I strongly believe that working with children and exposing them to positive changes during their formative years is crucial in making them productive adults for the future. I would like to continue working with children and families, as this group concerns me the most. In addition, I feel that young people at risk and elderly people without a voice are compatible. I believe that children generally speaking can benefit and learn a lot from being exposed to older and wiser people. I grew up loving and admiring older people in my family such as my grandmother. The sense of respect and wisdom gained from elderly people are very healthy for children. I would like to someday see more interest to be taken in bringing young and elderly people together, especially at-risk teens. By acknowledging and understanding the interconnected systems that affect these groups, I hope to make a difference in the lives of children, families and their surrounding environments. During the time I was completing my undergraduate degree, I took a lot of time to reflect and self-assess my strengths and areas I would like to grow and improve upon. The area that I feel that has always been the most important for me and that I continue to always seek improvement is the Social Worker’s commitment to their Client. The client’s best interest should always come first, in spite of your own personal beliefs, society’s stigmatizations and in some cases the client’s own wants. Sometimes this has been the most challenging part of my work experience; therefore, I look to take courses during my masters program that can improve and strengthen my communication skills with my clients; especially when the right choice for a client may not be the most difficult choice. Competence is a principle I value and always remember to use. I am aware that the class curriculum, field practice and prior work experience are all indicators of my abilities in social work practice. I am confident in my abilities in working with others and understand the importance of teamwork. Therefore, as I continue to work in the field and various social service agencies, I understand the  importance in building a network of more experienced professionals in the field of social work, in order to be able to consult with them and learn different practices used in the field. An area that I look to further expand my skills is in techniques in interviewing the client. Because of my work experience, I am confident in working with disabled people and children on an individual and group basis, yet since my experience is limited, I feel I can further improve upon my interviewing skills through more education and field practice. Through various assignments in my previous courses and wo rk experience, I have realized there are better ways of asking questions to get effective client feedback. I continue to explore different interview methods and approaches when it comes to dealing with different clients. No matter how difficult the client or their circumstances, I am ready for the challenge. I currently work at the Mental Health Association of Essex County in Montclair New Jersey as a Recovery Counselor. At this agency we help mentally disabled adults and homeless at-risk teenagers integrate into independent living. We provide assistance with employment opportunities, with obtaining social security benefits, financial counseling and provide transportation to various support service agencies. In addition, we help our client’s secure permanent housing through state funding programs. My family is very supportive of my going to graduate school and they are willing to help and support in any way that they can. In retrospect, I always knew I was destined to choose a career path in public service, the most influential people in my upbringing service the public in one way or another. My father is a 24 year veteran in the Newark Police Department, not only is he a sergeant but he has also served as a Deputy Mayor and City Council Member during his tenure. My mother has worked for the past 22 years in the Division of Welfare, specifically working with the women and children’s program. In addition, my step mother, brother and aunt serve as police officers for many years. After gaining some work experience in the field, the decision to further pursue a masters degree at the Rutgers University School of Social Work seemed like the natural next step to take in order to further enhance my career and skills. Once admitted to the masters program, my preference is to intern in a school setting in order to gain a more centralized experience in the area of guidance counselor and social work. As a professional social worker with a masters degree from  Rutgers University School of Social Work I see myself as an advocate within the school system, where I can work one-on-one with children as a guidance counselor or family social worker. I believe that furthering my education coupled with my passion for children is where I am best suited to affect the most change and make an impacting difference. In addition, being a successful Latina is important to me, by setting a positive role model for others younger that I to follow as an example to the community, specifically being able to communicate professionally not only in English but in Spanish as well. Rutgers School of Social Work has the best masters program in the area and I feel that they will provide me with the best credentials to be successful in the future as a social worker. Thank you for your consideration of my application.

One of the reasons the author must have written the book

One of the themes of the book is that outcome of the war was not determined by technology nor tactics. Victory in the South Pacific absolutely depended on human judgment and will. This is the tool that drives home the reality of the battle.One of the reasons the author must have written the book is to show just how much the human will and judgment can achieve. This makes the book the more relevant today because we live in a world that gravitates around Technology. We have slowly turned from Master to Slave and Sea of Thunder is a good way to show its readers that indeed the human being is still capable of achieving whatever is desired.The book is bound in the era of the early 1930s were the industrial revolution had taken off but its impacts had not fully been experienced around the whole world. This is one of the reasons why they battle was mainly depended on Human will power and judgment. It was also the era of the Pacific War and the book centers on its progression and centers on the Battle of the Leyte GulfOne of the subtopics could be inner conflict on the part of the officers especially the Japanese. They had dived loyalties to the Throne, the IJN and the fellow soldiers under their command.Another subtopic is Evans breaking all the Racial Barriers by gaining entrance into the Naval Academy. This is because commander Evans was a Cherokee Indian and it was absolutely rare of some one of Evans heritage to be accepted into the U.S Naval Academy.However according to Hal M. Friedman one of the reviewers of Thomas work, â€Å"Thomas mentions these things but without developing them. One would like to know more about factors in Evans’s family background that helped him in his education, motivated him to join the Navy, and enabled him to overcome the prejudices in the fleet to obtain an Academy appointment. Again, these are all mentioned by Thomas but not in as thorough a manner as the rarity of the accomplishments requires.† This could possibly be one of the shortcomings of the book.Another possible subtopic could be Kuritas decision not to sacrifice thousands of lives. Had he not made this choice then the Americans would totally have been destroyed. This gives us a point to ponder about. Why did he do it?The author supports his theme/thesis firstly by making it known that these men had inner conflicts that would have deterred them from achieving their goal. This is actually where the fact of will power comes in because had it not been due to this self convincing then they would have failed in their missions by simply giving upThe other support for the theme is that without any support, Sprague's forces puta shockingly fierce fight   in which Evans   strongly featured. This shows the human body being put to the test of time and it cleverly brings out the fact about human judgment for the Sprague’s could simply have seen their enemies then decide to run for cover. But on the contrary they perceived the situation in a different perspective (Judgment) then decided to give them the Japanese a very hard battle.Moving away from the dimension of the themes purpose in the winning of the battle, we realize that again it was will power that enabled the Japanese endure fifty long hours in shark infested waters of the ocean after their ship sunk.   It took a lot of self will to choose to hold on in this situation for many a people would have simply given up.Does the author successfully support his theme? Well according to these three examples and other numerous ones in the book I think he does. He just does not implicitly express his theme but he goes right ahead and gives evidence to emphasize his theme

Economics for Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics for Sustainability - Essay Example This essay analyzes and discusses the sustainable development process, that has turned into one of the topics in contemporary economics. The researcher states that over the past several years, the Club of Rome indicated the limitations of economic progress emanating from scarcity of natural resources and environmental destruction. Over the years, economic activities of western industrial nations have been to shun these limitations. These countries have strived to establish conditions that could ensure sustainable development in an ecological and economic sense. In the modern economics, the emergence of the term ‘sustainable development’ has led to modifications in nearly each aspect of production and consumption patterns. The discussion of the concepts of sustainable development usually generates heated debates especially among the arguments of neoclassical economics and environmentalists. The researcher of this essay seeks to discuss the basic, mainstream economics conc epts agreeing or disagreeing with the core concepts of sustainability. In conclusion, the researcher of this essay discusses two perspectives, that have different arguments regarding sustainability, although there are various complementing arguments. Weak sustainability, described in the essay necessitates a high level of substitutability between natural and reproducible resources. However, strong sustainability supposes that these forms of capital are complements instead of substitutes in various production functions.

Alternative Fuel for automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Fuel for automobiles - Essay Example he use of petroleum based oil should just be reduced or done away with, so as to curb some of itsundesirable effects.True to the government’s plans and efforts, America can boast of having reduced Arab oil consumption, and talk of an increase in domestic crude production. Nevertheless, the nagging concernis whether this is the way to handle the issue of fuel in America, and if it is the best way to go about dealing with fuel for automobiles (Schmitz, Wilson & Moss, 2011). This paper will examine alternative fuel for automobiles, and how the government can be at the forefront in increasing their use for the overall benefit of society. Propane, a fossil fuel, is also identified as liquefied petroleum gas, which is often used to powerengines, and is considered an alternative source of fuel for a number of reasons. The main reasonis that propane lowers the amount of harmful emissions and other greenhouse gases, for example; Carbon IV Oxide into the atmosphere. The fact that it is less expensive as compared to other petroleum-based oils and gasoline makes propane a preferred choice when it comes to alternative fuel. Automobiles get to enjoy this fossil fuel because it does not degrade vehicle performance, as is often seen with other fuels. America can now boast of producing almost 90% of their propane from domestic sources, which means that time, may be the determining factor when it comes to theavailability of the product to those who want it (Schmitz, Wilson & Moss, 2011). Some of the uses of propane include; water heating (especially in homes), refrigerating different foodstuffs, powering equipment and machinery, and even drying clothes. There is one major type of propane gas. It consists of a mixture of propane and other liquefied gases, these are; butane and butylene. Autogas is a combination of the three gases, which makes the alternative fuel an easier choice, especially in automobiles converted to use this type of fuel. Some of the properties of propane, for